Consequences of Inadequate Intakes of Vitamin A, Vitamin B(12), Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron, and Folate in Older Persons

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review broadly discusses the consequences of inadequate consumption, by deficit or excess, of selected micronutrients on the quality of life and morbidity during aging, specifically considering increases in life expectancy and the costs of care in the older persons. RECENT FINDINGS: A literature review of the periods 2012 to 2018, focusing on vitamins A, B(12), and D, calcium, iron and folate, was completed as these micronutrients are found to significantly affect the aging process. Causation and application of these micronutrients to disorders related to aging are controversial and mixed. This review highlights research needs and controversial points on the role of these micronutrients. SUMMARY: Micronutrient deficiencies are a common and avoidable contributor to decreased quality of life and healthcare costs in the older persons. Further research is needed to determine adequate intakes and innovative uses, including appropriate thresholds for improved health outcomes for this population.