Cargando…

Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis

This review evaluated the association of place of residence (urban/rural) and under-five mortality in middle- and low-income countries. Both English and Spanish language studies conducted during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period (1990 to 2015) were reviewed. Twenty-six cross-sectional stu...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Forde, Ian, Tripathi, Vrijesh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5920397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670054
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5040051
_version_ 1783317826936766464
author Forde, Ian
Tripathi, Vrijesh
author_facet Forde, Ian
Tripathi, Vrijesh
author_sort Forde, Ian
collection PubMed
description This review evaluated the association of place of residence (urban/rural) and under-five mortality in middle- and low-income countries. Both English and Spanish language studies conducted during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period (1990 to 2015) were reviewed. Twenty-six cross-sectional studies, all in the English language, were selected for further review. Published data were used for this analysis. A funnel plot was produced to ascertain the presence of publication bias. The combined relative risk for under-five mortality was estimated using a random-effects model and a meta-regression was conducted on 15 of the 26 studies. The studies had a combined effect size of 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.67). The results of the meta-regression showed a positive association between the relative risk and the percentage of the rural population for the various regions/countries. The coefficient for the variable rural population percentage was 0.007, indicating that for every one percent increase in the rural population percentage, there was a 0.007 increase in the relative risk for under-five mortality. However, this was not significant (p-value = 0.3). Rural disadvantage persists in middle- and low-income countries. This is important to evaluate policies and programmes designed to remove the gap in under-five mortality rates between urban and rural areas.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5920397
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-59203972018-04-30 Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis Forde, Ian Tripathi, Vrijesh Children (Basel) Review This review evaluated the association of place of residence (urban/rural) and under-five mortality in middle- and low-income countries. Both English and Spanish language studies conducted during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period (1990 to 2015) were reviewed. Twenty-six cross-sectional studies, all in the English language, were selected for further review. Published data were used for this analysis. A funnel plot was produced to ascertain the presence of publication bias. The combined relative risk for under-five mortality was estimated using a random-effects model and a meta-regression was conducted on 15 of the 26 studies. The studies had a combined effect size of 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.67). The results of the meta-regression showed a positive association between the relative risk and the percentage of the rural population for the various regions/countries. The coefficient for the variable rural population percentage was 0.007, indicating that for every one percent increase in the rural population percentage, there was a 0.007 increase in the relative risk for under-five mortality. However, this was not significant (p-value = 0.3). Rural disadvantage persists in middle- and low-income countries. This is important to evaluate policies and programmes designed to remove the gap in under-five mortality rates between urban and rural areas. MDPI 2018-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5920397/ /pubmed/29670054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5040051 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Forde, Ian
Tripathi, Vrijesh
Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis
title Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis
title_full Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis
title_short Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis
title_sort association of place of residence and under-five mortality in middle- and low-income countries: a meta-analysis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5920397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670054
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5040051
work_keys_str_mv AT fordeian associationofplaceofresidenceandunderfivemortalityinmiddleandlowincomecountriesametaanalysis
AT tripathivrijesh associationofplaceofresidenceandunderfivemortalityinmiddleandlowincomecountriesametaanalysis