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Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis
This review evaluated the association of place of residence (urban/rural) and under-five mortality in middle- and low-income countries. Both English and Spanish language studies conducted during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period (1990 to 2015) were reviewed. Twenty-six cross-sectional stu...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5920397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5040051 |
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author | Forde, Ian Tripathi, Vrijesh |
author_facet | Forde, Ian Tripathi, Vrijesh |
author_sort | Forde, Ian |
collection | PubMed |
description | This review evaluated the association of place of residence (urban/rural) and under-five mortality in middle- and low-income countries. Both English and Spanish language studies conducted during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period (1990 to 2015) were reviewed. Twenty-six cross-sectional studies, all in the English language, were selected for further review. Published data were used for this analysis. A funnel plot was produced to ascertain the presence of publication bias. The combined relative risk for under-five mortality was estimated using a random-effects model and a meta-regression was conducted on 15 of the 26 studies. The studies had a combined effect size of 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.67). The results of the meta-regression showed a positive association between the relative risk and the percentage of the rural population for the various regions/countries. The coefficient for the variable rural population percentage was 0.007, indicating that for every one percent increase in the rural population percentage, there was a 0.007 increase in the relative risk for under-five mortality. However, this was not significant (p-value = 0.3). Rural disadvantage persists in middle- and low-income countries. This is important to evaluate policies and programmes designed to remove the gap in under-five mortality rates between urban and rural areas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5920397 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59203972018-04-30 Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis Forde, Ian Tripathi, Vrijesh Children (Basel) Review This review evaluated the association of place of residence (urban/rural) and under-five mortality in middle- and low-income countries. Both English and Spanish language studies conducted during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period (1990 to 2015) were reviewed. Twenty-six cross-sectional studies, all in the English language, were selected for further review. Published data were used for this analysis. A funnel plot was produced to ascertain the presence of publication bias. The combined relative risk for under-five mortality was estimated using a random-effects model and a meta-regression was conducted on 15 of the 26 studies. The studies had a combined effect size of 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.67). The results of the meta-regression showed a positive association between the relative risk and the percentage of the rural population for the various regions/countries. The coefficient for the variable rural population percentage was 0.007, indicating that for every one percent increase in the rural population percentage, there was a 0.007 increase in the relative risk for under-five mortality. However, this was not significant (p-value = 0.3). Rural disadvantage persists in middle- and low-income countries. This is important to evaluate policies and programmes designed to remove the gap in under-five mortality rates between urban and rural areas. MDPI 2018-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5920397/ /pubmed/29670054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5040051 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Forde, Ian Tripathi, Vrijesh Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis |
title | Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis |
title_full | Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis |
title_fullStr | Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis |
title_short | Association of Place of Residence and Under-Five Mortality in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis |
title_sort | association of place of residence and under-five mortality in middle- and low-income countries: a meta-analysis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5920397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5040051 |
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