Effects of Apple Pectin on Fecal Bacterial Enzymes in Azoxymethane‐induced Rat Colon Carcinogenesis

Because of the potential significance of colonic bacteria in colon carcinogenesis, we investigated the effect of pectin of different types on fecal bacterial enzymes (β‐glucuronidase, β‐glucosidase and tryptophanase) at various periods of time after feeding rats with pectin‐containing diets during azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis. The diet supplemented with 20% apple pectin or 20% citrus pectin decreased the multiplicity of colon tumors, and the number of tumors was significantly decreased in the group fed apple pectin. The incidence of colon tumors in the apple pectin group was lower than that in the control group. The mean tumor size was similar among the three groups. Apple pectin feeding decreased fecal β‐glucosidase and tryptophanase levels. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the activity of β‐glucuronidase was observed in the apple pectin group during the initiation phase. These findings suggest that the protective effect of pectin on colon carcinogenesis may be dependent on the type of pectin and be related to the decrease of β‐glucuronidase activity in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis.