Role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Exosomes, which are released by multiple cell types, such as cancer cells, contain functional biomolecules (including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids) that can be horizontally delivered to recipient cells. Exosomes act as the most prominent mediator of intercellular communication and can regulate, instruct and re-educate their surrounding microenvironment and target specific organs. The present review performed an extensive search of multiple databases from 2005 to April 23 2017, for eligible literature relating to exosomes and their role in pancreatic cancer. With a focus on the latest findings for pancreatic cancer exosomes, their role in tumorigenesis was summarized, as well as their aggressive behaviors and their contribution to immunosuppression and therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. In addition, the potential function of exosomes as novel diagnostic biomarkers is briefly discussed. Finally, we propose potential clinical applications for exosomes in pancreatic cancer.