Cargando…
The Hard Way towards an Antibody-Based HIV-1 Env Vaccine: Lessons from Other Viruses
Although effective antibody-based vaccines have been developed against multiple viruses, such approaches have so far failed for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Despite the success of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that has turned HIV-1 infection into a chronic disease and has reduced...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923491/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29662026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10040197 |
_version_ | 1783318353911218176 |
---|---|
author | Ringel, Oliver Vieillard, Vincent Debré, Patrice Eichler, Jutta Büning, Hildegard Dietrich, Ursula |
author_facet | Ringel, Oliver Vieillard, Vincent Debré, Patrice Eichler, Jutta Büning, Hildegard Dietrich, Ursula |
author_sort | Ringel, Oliver |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although effective antibody-based vaccines have been developed against multiple viruses, such approaches have so far failed for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Despite the success of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that has turned HIV-1 infection into a chronic disease and has reduced the number of new infections worldwide, a vaccine against HIV-1 is still urgently needed. We discuss here the major reasons for the failure of “classical” vaccine approaches, which are mostly due to the biological properties of the virus itself. HIV-1 has developed multiple mechanisms of immune escape, which also account for vaccine failure. So far, no vaccine candidate has been able to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against primary patient viruses from different clades. However, such antibodies were identified in a subset of patients during chronic infection and were shown to protect from infection in animal models and to reduce viremia in first clinical trials. Their detailed characterization has guided structure-based reverse vaccinology approaches to design better HIV-1 envelope (Env) immunogens. Furthermore, conserved Env epitopes have been identified, which are promising candidates in view of clinical applications. Together with new vector-based technologies, considerable progress has been achieved in recent years towards the development of an effective antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5923491 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59234912018-05-03 The Hard Way towards an Antibody-Based HIV-1 Env Vaccine: Lessons from Other Viruses Ringel, Oliver Vieillard, Vincent Debré, Patrice Eichler, Jutta Büning, Hildegard Dietrich, Ursula Viruses Review Although effective antibody-based vaccines have been developed against multiple viruses, such approaches have so far failed for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Despite the success of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that has turned HIV-1 infection into a chronic disease and has reduced the number of new infections worldwide, a vaccine against HIV-1 is still urgently needed. We discuss here the major reasons for the failure of “classical” vaccine approaches, which are mostly due to the biological properties of the virus itself. HIV-1 has developed multiple mechanisms of immune escape, which also account for vaccine failure. So far, no vaccine candidate has been able to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against primary patient viruses from different clades. However, such antibodies were identified in a subset of patients during chronic infection and were shown to protect from infection in animal models and to reduce viremia in first clinical trials. Their detailed characterization has guided structure-based reverse vaccinology approaches to design better HIV-1 envelope (Env) immunogens. Furthermore, conserved Env epitopes have been identified, which are promising candidates in view of clinical applications. Together with new vector-based technologies, considerable progress has been achieved in recent years towards the development of an effective antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine. MDPI 2018-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5923491/ /pubmed/29662026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10040197 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ringel, Oliver Vieillard, Vincent Debré, Patrice Eichler, Jutta Büning, Hildegard Dietrich, Ursula The Hard Way towards an Antibody-Based HIV-1 Env Vaccine: Lessons from Other Viruses |
title | The Hard Way towards an Antibody-Based HIV-1 Env Vaccine: Lessons from Other Viruses |
title_full | The Hard Way towards an Antibody-Based HIV-1 Env Vaccine: Lessons from Other Viruses |
title_fullStr | The Hard Way towards an Antibody-Based HIV-1 Env Vaccine: Lessons from Other Viruses |
title_full_unstemmed | The Hard Way towards an Antibody-Based HIV-1 Env Vaccine: Lessons from Other Viruses |
title_short | The Hard Way towards an Antibody-Based HIV-1 Env Vaccine: Lessons from Other Viruses |
title_sort | hard way towards an antibody-based hiv-1 env vaccine: lessons from other viruses |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923491/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29662026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10040197 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ringeloliver thehardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT vieillardvincent thehardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT debrepatrice thehardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT eichlerjutta thehardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT buninghildegard thehardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT dietrichursula thehardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT ringeloliver hardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT vieillardvincent hardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT debrepatrice hardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT eichlerjutta hardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT buninghildegard hardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses AT dietrichursula hardwaytowardsanantibodybasedhiv1envvaccinelessonsfromotherviruses |