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Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

BACKGROUND: Presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a negative effect on the resolution of incontinence; however, there are few studies which investigated the risk factors of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in patients with ADHD. AIMS: This study was conducted to investigate the prev...

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Autores principales: KHAZAIE, Habibolah, EGHBALI, Farshid, AMIRIAN, Houshang, MORADI, Mahmoud Reza, GHADAMI, Mohammad Rasoul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Publishing 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5925595/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719355
http://dx.doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216088
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author KHAZAIE, Habibolah
EGHBALI, Farshid
AMIRIAN, Houshang
MORADI, Mahmoud Reza
GHADAMI, Mohammad Rasoul
author_facet KHAZAIE, Habibolah
EGHBALI, Farshid
AMIRIAN, Houshang
MORADI, Mahmoud Reza
GHADAMI, Mohammad Rasoul
author_sort KHAZAIE, Habibolah
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a negative effect on the resolution of incontinence; however, there are few studies which investigated the risk factors of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in patients with ADHD. AIMS: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of NE and its risk factors in children with ADHD. METHODS: 331 children, aged 6 to 10 years, diagnosed as having ADHD were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of ADHD was confirmed by an experienced child and adolescent psychiatrist according to DSM-IV-TR. NE was defined as nighttime wetting with or without daytime incontinence, at least twice a week over a period of 3 months or longer in children 5 years old and older without anatomical abnormalities. Details on demographic data, perinatal history, medical history and developmental history were collected from parents or medical records. RESULTS: Most of the ADHD patients with inattentional subtype (77.5%) had NE, compared to 31.7% in the hyperactive/Impulsive subtype and 22.5% in the combined subtype (p<0.001, t=42.71). Among children with enuresis, there were significantly higher rates of history of familial enuresis (26% vs. 18 %, p<0.001, t=16.9), cesarean delivery (47% vs. 33%, p=0.019, t=5.84) and history of neonatal sepsis (16% vs. 7%, p=0.018, t=5.62) than non-NE children. Moreover, patients with NE had lower birth weight than non-NE patients (2.93(0.65) vs. 3.09 (0.46), p=0.026, t=2.51). Also, low parental education was associated with increase in the rate of NE. CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD have a high prevalence of NE. Male sex, low education level of parents, history of neonatal sepsis, positive family history of NE, low birth weight and caesarian delivery may be risk factors for NE in ADHD children. Most ADHD patients with inattentional subtype had NE.
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spelling pubmed-59255952018-05-01 Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder KHAZAIE, Habibolah EGHBALI, Farshid AMIRIAN, Houshang MORADI, Mahmoud Reza GHADAMI, Mohammad Rasoul Shanghai Arch Psychiatry Original Research Article BACKGROUND: Presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a negative effect on the resolution of incontinence; however, there are few studies which investigated the risk factors of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in patients with ADHD. AIMS: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of NE and its risk factors in children with ADHD. METHODS: 331 children, aged 6 to 10 years, diagnosed as having ADHD were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of ADHD was confirmed by an experienced child and adolescent psychiatrist according to DSM-IV-TR. NE was defined as nighttime wetting with or without daytime incontinence, at least twice a week over a period of 3 months or longer in children 5 years old and older without anatomical abnormalities. Details on demographic data, perinatal history, medical history and developmental history were collected from parents or medical records. RESULTS: Most of the ADHD patients with inattentional subtype (77.5%) had NE, compared to 31.7% in the hyperactive/Impulsive subtype and 22.5% in the combined subtype (p<0.001, t=42.71). Among children with enuresis, there were significantly higher rates of history of familial enuresis (26% vs. 18 %, p<0.001, t=16.9), cesarean delivery (47% vs. 33%, p=0.019, t=5.84) and history of neonatal sepsis (16% vs. 7%, p=0.018, t=5.62) than non-NE children. Moreover, patients with NE had lower birth weight than non-NE patients (2.93(0.65) vs. 3.09 (0.46), p=0.026, t=2.51). Also, low parental education was associated with increase in the rate of NE. CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD have a high prevalence of NE. Male sex, low education level of parents, history of neonatal sepsis, positive family history of NE, low birth weight and caesarian delivery may be risk factors for NE in ADHD children. Most ADHD patients with inattentional subtype had NE. Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Publishing 2018-02-25 2018-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC5925595/ /pubmed/29719355 http://dx.doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216088 Text en © Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Publishing http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
spellingShingle Original Research Article
KHAZAIE, Habibolah
EGHBALI, Farshid
AMIRIAN, Houshang
MORADI, Mahmoud Reza
GHADAMI, Mohammad Rasoul
Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_full Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_fullStr Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_short Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_sort risk factors of nocturnal enuresis in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
topic Original Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5925595/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719355
http://dx.doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216088
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