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Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: India aspires to achieve universal health coverage, which requires ensuring financial risk protection (FRP). This study was done to assess the extent of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure and FRP for hospitalization in Haryana State, India. Further, the determinants for FRP...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5926348/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29664035 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2003_15 |
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author | Sharma, Deepshikha Prinja, Shankar Aggarwal, Arun Kumar Bahuguna, Pankaj Sharma, Atul Rana, Saroj Kumar |
author_facet | Sharma, Deepshikha Prinja, Shankar Aggarwal, Arun Kumar Bahuguna, Pankaj Sharma, Atul Rana, Saroj Kumar |
author_sort | Sharma, Deepshikha |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: India aspires to achieve universal health coverage, which requires ensuring financial risk protection (FRP). This study was done to assess the extent of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure and FRP for hospitalization in Haryana State, India. Further, the determinants for FRP were also evaluated. METHODS: Data collected as a part of a household level survey conducted in Haryana ‘Concurrent Evaluation of National Rural Health Mission: Haryana Health Survey’ were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to assess socio-demographic characteristics, hospitalization rate, extent and determinants of OOP expenditure and FRP. Prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) (more than 40% of non-food expenditure) and impoverishment (Int$ 1.25) were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess determinants of FRP. RESULTS: Hospitalization rate was found to be 3106 persons or 3307 episodes per 100,000 population. Median OOP expenditure on hospitalization was ₹ 8000 (USD 133), which was predominantly attributed to medicines (37%). Prevalence of CHE was 25.2 per cent with higher prevalence amongst males [odds ratio (OR)=1.30], those belonging to scheduled caste and scheduled tribes (OR=1.35), poorest 20 per cent households (OR=3.05), having injuries (OR=4.03) and non-communicable diseases (OR=3.13) admitted in a private hospital (OR=2.69) and those who were insured (OR=1.74). There was a 12 per cent relative increase in poverty head count due to OOP payments on healthcare. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that hospitalization resulted in significant OOP expenditure, leading to CHEs and impoverishment of households. Impact of OOP expenditures was inequitably more on the vulnerable groups. OOP expenditure may be curtailed through provision of free medicines and diagnostics and removal of any form of user charges. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5926348 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59263482018-05-08 Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection Sharma, Deepshikha Prinja, Shankar Aggarwal, Arun Kumar Bahuguna, Pankaj Sharma, Atul Rana, Saroj Kumar Indian J Med Res Original Article BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: India aspires to achieve universal health coverage, which requires ensuring financial risk protection (FRP). This study was done to assess the extent of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure and FRP for hospitalization in Haryana State, India. Further, the determinants for FRP were also evaluated. METHODS: Data collected as a part of a household level survey conducted in Haryana ‘Concurrent Evaluation of National Rural Health Mission: Haryana Health Survey’ were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to assess socio-demographic characteristics, hospitalization rate, extent and determinants of OOP expenditure and FRP. Prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) (more than 40% of non-food expenditure) and impoverishment (Int$ 1.25) were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess determinants of FRP. RESULTS: Hospitalization rate was found to be 3106 persons or 3307 episodes per 100,000 population. Median OOP expenditure on hospitalization was ₹ 8000 (USD 133), which was predominantly attributed to medicines (37%). Prevalence of CHE was 25.2 per cent with higher prevalence amongst males [odds ratio (OR)=1.30], those belonging to scheduled caste and scheduled tribes (OR=1.35), poorest 20 per cent households (OR=3.05), having injuries (OR=4.03) and non-communicable diseases (OR=3.13) admitted in a private hospital (OR=2.69) and those who were insured (OR=1.74). There was a 12 per cent relative increase in poverty head count due to OOP payments on healthcare. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that hospitalization resulted in significant OOP expenditure, leading to CHEs and impoverishment of households. Impact of OOP expenditures was inequitably more on the vulnerable groups. OOP expenditure may be curtailed through provision of free medicines and diagnostics and removal of any form of user charges. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5926348/ /pubmed/29664035 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2003_15 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Indian Journal of Medical Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Sharma, Deepshikha Prinja, Shankar Aggarwal, Arun Kumar Bahuguna, Pankaj Sharma, Atul Rana, Saroj Kumar Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection |
title | Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection |
title_full | Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection |
title_fullStr | Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection |
title_full_unstemmed | Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection |
title_short | Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection |
title_sort | out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in haryana state of india: extent, determinants & financial risk protection |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5926348/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29664035 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2003_15 |
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