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Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults
Respiratory cryptosporidiosis is thought to be a rare, end-stage complication of HIV. Few studies have systematically examined the frequency of such infection in adults. Sputum specimens submitted for tuberculosis (TB) testing at Mulago Hospital, Uganda, were anonymously retested for Cryptosporidium...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5928827/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405104 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0741 |
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author | Mor, Siobhan M. Ascolillo, Luke R. Nakato, Ritah Ndeezi, Grace Tumwine, James K. Okwera, Alphonse Sponseller, Jerlyn K. Tzipori, Saul Griffiths, Jeffrey K. |
author_facet | Mor, Siobhan M. Ascolillo, Luke R. Nakato, Ritah Ndeezi, Grace Tumwine, James K. Okwera, Alphonse Sponseller, Jerlyn K. Tzipori, Saul Griffiths, Jeffrey K. |
author_sort | Mor, Siobhan M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Respiratory cryptosporidiosis is thought to be a rare, end-stage complication of HIV. Few studies have systematically examined the frequency of such infection in adults. Sputum specimens submitted for tuberculosis (TB) testing at Mulago Hospital, Uganda, were anonymously retested for Cryptosporidium using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Visual confirmation using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was performed for a subset of PCR-positive samples. Of 824 sputum samples tested, 24 (2.9%) were Cryptosporidium positive. Prevalence in sputum ranged between 0% and 10% in each month of the study and exceeded TB prevalence in some months. In this referral population, respiratory Cryptosporidium prevalence was lower in people with HIV (1.3% versus 4.4% without HIV, P = 0.028) and higher in those with TB (6.8% versus 2.6% without TB, P = 0.086). The weak association between respiratory Cryptosporidium infection and TB persisted after controlling for HIV (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 11.8; P = 0.080). This is the first study to document adult respiratory tract cryptosporidiosis in a referral population with presumed TB. These findings 1) confirm that Cryptosporidium respiratory infection occurs in HIV-negative and -positive adults; 2) suggest there is potential for Cryptosporidium to be disseminated or transmitted by coughing or expectoration; and 3) identify possible synergy between Cryptosporidium and TB in the respiratory tract. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5928827 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59288272018-05-07 Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults Mor, Siobhan M. Ascolillo, Luke R. Nakato, Ritah Ndeezi, Grace Tumwine, James K. Okwera, Alphonse Sponseller, Jerlyn K. Tzipori, Saul Griffiths, Jeffrey K. Am J Trop Med Hyg Articles Respiratory cryptosporidiosis is thought to be a rare, end-stage complication of HIV. Few studies have systematically examined the frequency of such infection in adults. Sputum specimens submitted for tuberculosis (TB) testing at Mulago Hospital, Uganda, were anonymously retested for Cryptosporidium using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Visual confirmation using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was performed for a subset of PCR-positive samples. Of 824 sputum samples tested, 24 (2.9%) were Cryptosporidium positive. Prevalence in sputum ranged between 0% and 10% in each month of the study and exceeded TB prevalence in some months. In this referral population, respiratory Cryptosporidium prevalence was lower in people with HIV (1.3% versus 4.4% without HIV, P = 0.028) and higher in those with TB (6.8% versus 2.6% without TB, P = 0.086). The weak association between respiratory Cryptosporidium infection and TB persisted after controlling for HIV (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 11.8; P = 0.080). This is the first study to document adult respiratory tract cryptosporidiosis in a referral population with presumed TB. These findings 1) confirm that Cryptosporidium respiratory infection occurs in HIV-negative and -positive adults; 2) suggest there is potential for Cryptosporidium to be disseminated or transmitted by coughing or expectoration; and 3) identify possible synergy between Cryptosporidium and TB in the respiratory tract. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2018-04 2018-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5928827/ /pubmed/29405104 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0741 Text en © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Articles Mor, Siobhan M. Ascolillo, Luke R. Nakato, Ritah Ndeezi, Grace Tumwine, James K. Okwera, Alphonse Sponseller, Jerlyn K. Tzipori, Saul Griffiths, Jeffrey K. Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults |
title | Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults |
title_full | Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults |
title_fullStr | Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults |
title_full_unstemmed | Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults |
title_short | Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults |
title_sort | expectoration of cryptosporidium parasites in sputum of human immunodeficiency virus–positive and –negative adults |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5928827/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405104 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0741 |
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