Magnetization relaxation in the single-ion magnet DySc(2)N@C(80): quantum tunneling, magnetic dilution, and unconventional temperature dependence

Relaxation of magnetization in endohedral metallofullerenes DySc(2)N@C(80) is studied at different temperatures, in different magnetic fields, and in different molecular arrangements. Magnetization behavior and relaxation are analyzed for powder sample, and for DySc(2)N@C(80) diluted in non-magnetic fullerene Lu(3)N@C(80), adsorbed in voids of a metal–organic framework, and dispersed in a polymer. The magnetic field dependence and zero-field relaxation are also studied for single-crystals of DySc(2)N@C(80) co-crystallized with Ni(ii) octaethylporphyrin, as well as for the single crystal diluted with Lu(3)N@C(80). Landau–Zener theory is applied to analyze quantum tunneling of magnetization in the crystals. The field dependence of relaxation rates revealed a dramatic dependence of the zero-field tunneling resonance width on the dilution and is explained with the help of an analysis of dipolar field distributions. AC magnetometry is used then to get access to the relaxation of magnetization in a broader temperature range, from 2 to 87 K. Finally, a theoretical framework describing the spin dynamics with dissipation is proposed to study magnetization relaxation phenomena in single molecule magnets.