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Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago
Understanding the timing and character of Homo sapiens expansion out of Africa is critical for inferring the colonisation and admixture processes that underpin global population history. It has been argued that dispersal out of Africa had an early phase, particularly ~130-90 thousand years ago (ka),...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935238/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29632352 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0518-2 |
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author | Groucutt, Huw S. Grün, Rainer Zalmout, Iyad S.A. Drake, Nick A. Armitage, Simon J. Candy, Ian Clark-Wilson, Richard Louys, Julien Breeze, Paul S. Duval, Mathieu Buck, Laura T. Kivell, Tracy L. Pomeroy, Emma Stephens, Nicholas B. Stock, Jay T. Stewart, Mathew Price, Gilbert J. Kinsley, Leslie Sung, Wing Wai Alsharekh, Abdullah Al-Omari, Abdulaziz Zahir, Muhammad Memesh, Abdullah M. Abdulshakoor, Ammar J. Al-Masari, Abdu M. Bahameem, Ahmed A. Al Murayyi, Khaled S.M. Zahrani, Badr Scerri, Eleanor M.L. Petraglia, Michael D. |
author_facet | Groucutt, Huw S. Grün, Rainer Zalmout, Iyad S.A. Drake, Nick A. Armitage, Simon J. Candy, Ian Clark-Wilson, Richard Louys, Julien Breeze, Paul S. Duval, Mathieu Buck, Laura T. Kivell, Tracy L. Pomeroy, Emma Stephens, Nicholas B. Stock, Jay T. Stewart, Mathew Price, Gilbert J. Kinsley, Leslie Sung, Wing Wai Alsharekh, Abdullah Al-Omari, Abdulaziz Zahir, Muhammad Memesh, Abdullah M. Abdulshakoor, Ammar J. Al-Masari, Abdu M. Bahameem, Ahmed A. Al Murayyi, Khaled S.M. Zahrani, Badr Scerri, Eleanor M.L. Petraglia, Michael D. |
author_sort | Groucutt, Huw S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Understanding the timing and character of Homo sapiens expansion out of Africa is critical for inferring the colonisation and admixture processes that underpin global population history. It has been argued that dispersal out of Africa had an early phase, particularly ~130-90 thousand years ago (ka), that only reached the East Mediterranean Levant, and a later phase, ~60-50 ka, that extended across the diverse environments of Eurasia to Sahul. However, recent findings from East Asia and Sahul challenge this model. Here we show that H. sapiens was in the Arabian Peninsula before 85 ka. We describe the Al Wusta-1 (AW-1) intermediate phalanx from the site of Al Wusta in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. AW-1 is the oldest directly dated fossil of our species outside Africa and the Levant. The palaeoenvironmental context of Al Wusta demonstrates that H. sapiens using Middle Palaeolithic stone tools dispersed into Arabia during a phase of increased precipitation driven by orbital forcing, in association with a primarily African fauna. A Bayesian model incorporating independent chronometric age estimates indicates a chronology for Al Wusta of ~95-86 ka, which we correlate with a humid episode in the later part of Marine Isotope Stage 5 known from various regional records. Al Wusta shows that early dispersals were more spatially and temporally extensive than previously thought. Early H. sapiens dispersals out of Africa were not limited to winter rainfall-fed Levantine Mediterranean woodlands immediately adjacent to Africa, but extended deep into the semi-arid grasslands of Arabia, facilitated by periods of enhanced monsoonal rainfall. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5935238 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59352382018-10-09 Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago Groucutt, Huw S. Grün, Rainer Zalmout, Iyad S.A. Drake, Nick A. Armitage, Simon J. Candy, Ian Clark-Wilson, Richard Louys, Julien Breeze, Paul S. Duval, Mathieu Buck, Laura T. Kivell, Tracy L. Pomeroy, Emma Stephens, Nicholas B. Stock, Jay T. Stewart, Mathew Price, Gilbert J. Kinsley, Leslie Sung, Wing Wai Alsharekh, Abdullah Al-Omari, Abdulaziz Zahir, Muhammad Memesh, Abdullah M. Abdulshakoor, Ammar J. Al-Masari, Abdu M. Bahameem, Ahmed A. Al Murayyi, Khaled S.M. Zahrani, Badr Scerri, Eleanor M.L. Petraglia, Michael D. Nat Ecol Evol Article Understanding the timing and character of Homo sapiens expansion out of Africa is critical for inferring the colonisation and admixture processes that underpin global population history. It has been argued that dispersal out of Africa had an early phase, particularly ~130-90 thousand years ago (ka), that only reached the East Mediterranean Levant, and a later phase, ~60-50 ka, that extended across the diverse environments of Eurasia to Sahul. However, recent findings from East Asia and Sahul challenge this model. Here we show that H. sapiens was in the Arabian Peninsula before 85 ka. We describe the Al Wusta-1 (AW-1) intermediate phalanx from the site of Al Wusta in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. AW-1 is the oldest directly dated fossil of our species outside Africa and the Levant. The palaeoenvironmental context of Al Wusta demonstrates that H. sapiens using Middle Palaeolithic stone tools dispersed into Arabia during a phase of increased precipitation driven by orbital forcing, in association with a primarily African fauna. A Bayesian model incorporating independent chronometric age estimates indicates a chronology for Al Wusta of ~95-86 ka, which we correlate with a humid episode in the later part of Marine Isotope Stage 5 known from various regional records. Al Wusta shows that early dispersals were more spatially and temporally extensive than previously thought. Early H. sapiens dispersals out of Africa were not limited to winter rainfall-fed Levantine Mediterranean woodlands immediately adjacent to Africa, but extended deep into the semi-arid grasslands of Arabia, facilitated by periods of enhanced monsoonal rainfall. 2018-04-09 2018-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5935238/ /pubmed/29632352 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0518-2 Text en Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms |
spellingShingle | Article Groucutt, Huw S. Grün, Rainer Zalmout, Iyad S.A. Drake, Nick A. Armitage, Simon J. Candy, Ian Clark-Wilson, Richard Louys, Julien Breeze, Paul S. Duval, Mathieu Buck, Laura T. Kivell, Tracy L. Pomeroy, Emma Stephens, Nicholas B. Stock, Jay T. Stewart, Mathew Price, Gilbert J. Kinsley, Leslie Sung, Wing Wai Alsharekh, Abdullah Al-Omari, Abdulaziz Zahir, Muhammad Memesh, Abdullah M. Abdulshakoor, Ammar J. Al-Masari, Abdu M. Bahameem, Ahmed A. Al Murayyi, Khaled S.M. Zahrani, Badr Scerri, Eleanor M.L. Petraglia, Michael D. Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago |
title | Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago |
title_full | Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago |
title_fullStr | Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago |
title_full_unstemmed | Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago |
title_short | Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago |
title_sort | homo sapiens in arabia by 85,000 years ago |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935238/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29632352 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0518-2 |
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