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Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation
The genus Azospirillum comprises plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which have been broadly studied. The benefits to plants by inoculation with Azospirillum have been primarily attributed to its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but also to its capacity to synthesize phytohormones, in parti...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935603/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29728787 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0608-1 |
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author | Fukami, Josiane Cerezini, Paula Hungria, Mariangela |
author_facet | Fukami, Josiane Cerezini, Paula Hungria, Mariangela |
author_sort | Fukami, Josiane |
collection | PubMed |
description | The genus Azospirillum comprises plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which have been broadly studied. The benefits to plants by inoculation with Azospirillum have been primarily attributed to its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but also to its capacity to synthesize phytohormones, in particular indole-3-acetic acid. Recently, an increasing number of studies has attributed an important role of Azospirillum in conferring to plants tolerance of abiotic and biotic stresses, which may be mediated by phytohormones acting as signaling molecules. Tolerance of biotic stresses is controlled by mechanisms of induced systemic resistance, mediated by increased levels of phytohormones in the jasmonic acid/ethylene pathway, independent of salicylic acid (SA), whereas in the systemic acquired resistance—a mechanism previously studied with phytopathogens—it is controlled by intermediate levels of SA. Both mechanisms are related to the NPR1 protein, acting as a co-activator in the induction of defense genes. Azospirillum can also promote plant growth by mechanisms of tolerance of abiotic stresses, named as induced systemic tolerance, mediated by antioxidants, osmotic adjustment, production of phytohormones, and defense strategies such as the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. The study of the mechanisms triggered by Azospirillum in plants can help in the search for more-sustainable agricultural practices and possibly reveal the use of PGPB as a major strategy to mitigate the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on agricultural productivity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5935603 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59356032018-05-09 Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation Fukami, Josiane Cerezini, Paula Hungria, Mariangela AMB Express Mini-Review The genus Azospirillum comprises plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which have been broadly studied. The benefits to plants by inoculation with Azospirillum have been primarily attributed to its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but also to its capacity to synthesize phytohormones, in particular indole-3-acetic acid. Recently, an increasing number of studies has attributed an important role of Azospirillum in conferring to plants tolerance of abiotic and biotic stresses, which may be mediated by phytohormones acting as signaling molecules. Tolerance of biotic stresses is controlled by mechanisms of induced systemic resistance, mediated by increased levels of phytohormones in the jasmonic acid/ethylene pathway, independent of salicylic acid (SA), whereas in the systemic acquired resistance—a mechanism previously studied with phytopathogens—it is controlled by intermediate levels of SA. Both mechanisms are related to the NPR1 protein, acting as a co-activator in the induction of defense genes. Azospirillum can also promote plant growth by mechanisms of tolerance of abiotic stresses, named as induced systemic tolerance, mediated by antioxidants, osmotic adjustment, production of phytohormones, and defense strategies such as the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. The study of the mechanisms triggered by Azospirillum in plants can help in the search for more-sustainable agricultural practices and possibly reveal the use of PGPB as a major strategy to mitigate the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on agricultural productivity. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2018-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5935603/ /pubmed/29728787 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0608-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Mini-Review Fukami, Josiane Cerezini, Paula Hungria, Mariangela Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation |
title | Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation |
title_full | Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation |
title_fullStr | Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation |
title_full_unstemmed | Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation |
title_short | Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation |
title_sort | azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation |
topic | Mini-Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935603/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29728787 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0608-1 |
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