Cargando…

Delayed Complications and Long-term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers (Part I of II)

Chemical warfare agents are the most brutal weapons among the weapons of mass destruction. Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent toxic alkylating agent known as “the King of the Battle Gases”. SM has been the most widely used chemical weapon during the wars. It was widely used in World War I. Thereafter,...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Darchini-Maragheh, Emadodin, Balali-Mood, Mahdi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29749980
_version_ 1783320522976657408
author Darchini-Maragheh, Emadodin
Balali-Mood, Mahdi
author_facet Darchini-Maragheh, Emadodin
Balali-Mood, Mahdi
author_sort Darchini-Maragheh, Emadodin
collection PubMed
description Chemical warfare agents are the most brutal weapons among the weapons of mass destruction. Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent toxic alkylating agent known as “the King of the Battle Gases”. SM has been the most widely used chemical weapon during the wars. It was widely used in World War I. Thereafter, it was extensively employed by the Iraqi troops against the Iranian military personnel and even civilians in the border cities of Iran and Iraq in the period between 1983 and 1988. Long-term incapacitating properties, significant environmental persistence, lack of an effective antidote, and relative ease of manufacturing have kept SM a potential agent for both terrorist and military uses. Even 3 decades after SM exposure, numerous delayed complications among Iranian victims are still being reported by researchers. The most common delayed complications have been observed in the respiratory tracts of chemically injured Iranian war veterans. Also, skin lesions and eye disorders have been observed in most Iranian SM-exposed war veterans in the delayed phase of SM intoxication. Thus, extensive research has been conducted on Iranian war veterans during the past decades. Nevertheless, major gaps still continue to exist in the SM literature. Part I of this paper will discuss the delayed complications and manifestations of exposure to SM among Iranian victims of the Iran–Iraq conflict. Part II, which will appear in the next issue of Iran J Med Sci, will discuss the long-term management and therapy of SM-exposed patients.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5936843
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-59368432018-05-10 Delayed Complications and Long-term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers (Part I of II) Darchini-Maragheh, Emadodin Balali-Mood, Mahdi Iran J Med Sci Review Article Chemical warfare agents are the most brutal weapons among the weapons of mass destruction. Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent toxic alkylating agent known as “the King of the Battle Gases”. SM has been the most widely used chemical weapon during the wars. It was widely used in World War I. Thereafter, it was extensively employed by the Iraqi troops against the Iranian military personnel and even civilians in the border cities of Iran and Iraq in the period between 1983 and 1988. Long-term incapacitating properties, significant environmental persistence, lack of an effective antidote, and relative ease of manufacturing have kept SM a potential agent for both terrorist and military uses. Even 3 decades after SM exposure, numerous delayed complications among Iranian victims are still being reported by researchers. The most common delayed complications have been observed in the respiratory tracts of chemically injured Iranian war veterans. Also, skin lesions and eye disorders have been observed in most Iranian SM-exposed war veterans in the delayed phase of SM intoxication. Thus, extensive research has been conducted on Iranian war veterans during the past decades. Nevertheless, major gaps still continue to exist in the SM literature. Part I of this paper will discuss the delayed complications and manifestations of exposure to SM among Iranian victims of the Iran–Iraq conflict. Part II, which will appear in the next issue of Iran J Med Sci, will discuss the long-term management and therapy of SM-exposed patients. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 2018-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5936843/ /pubmed/29749980 Text en Copyright: © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Darchini-Maragheh, Emadodin
Balali-Mood, Mahdi
Delayed Complications and Long-term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers (Part I of II)
title Delayed Complications and Long-term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers (Part I of II)
title_full Delayed Complications and Long-term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers (Part I of II)
title_fullStr Delayed Complications and Long-term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers (Part I of II)
title_full_unstemmed Delayed Complications and Long-term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers (Part I of II)
title_short Delayed Complications and Long-term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers (Part I of II)
title_sort delayed complications and long-term management of sulfur mustard poisoning: recent advances by iranian researchers (part i of ii)
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29749980
work_keys_str_mv AT darchinimaraghehemadodin delayedcomplicationsandlongtermmanagementofsulfurmustardpoisoningrecentadvancesbyiranianresearcherspartiofii
AT balalimoodmahdi delayedcomplicationsandlongtermmanagementofsulfurmustardpoisoningrecentadvancesbyiranianresearcherspartiofii