Prevalence of Multiple Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Kerman: A Population-Based Study in Southeast Iran

BACKGROUND: The risk of disease with 1 risk factor is increased by the presence of additional risk factors. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of multiple coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors among adults in Kerman, Iran, to identify the population groups most at risk. METHODS: The present study included 5900 adults aged between 15 and 75 years in 2011 in Kerman, Iran. They were selected by 1-stage cluster sampling. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipids, and 6 CAD risk factors were assessed in the study population. Standardized prevalence rates were compared between the genders and age groups using the χ(2) test. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the analyses were performed using Stata, version 14.1. RESULTS: Overall 93.1%, 57.8%, and 26.2% of the patients had at least 1, 2, and 3 risk factors, respectively. The most frequent combinations of risk factors were dyslipidemia plus low physical activity (37.9%), metabolic syndrome (27.7%), dyslipidemia plus abdominal obesity (14.1%), dyslipidemia plus hypertension (HTN) (10%), dyslipidemia plus smoking (8.6%), and HTN plus abdominal obesity (6.3%). The rate of diabetes mellitus plus HTN plus dyslipidemia was 2.8%. Both prevalence and multiplicity of the risk factors increased by age, and they were mostly higher in the women. CONCLUSION: Almost 60% of the patients had at least 2 CAD risk factors and only 7% were risk-factor-free. Given that the population is ageing, community health authorities should seek to lessen the burden of these risk factors, almost all of which are preventable.