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Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage
Cryptococcus neoformans is not usually considered a cytotoxic fungal pathogen but there is considerable evidence that this microbe can damage host cells and tissues. In this essay, we review the evidence that C. neoformans damages host cells and note that the mechanisms involved are diverse. We cons...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936990/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29760698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00855 |
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author | Casadevall, Arturo Coelho, Carolina Alanio, Alexandre |
author_facet | Casadevall, Arturo Coelho, Carolina Alanio, Alexandre |
author_sort | Casadevall, Arturo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cryptococcus neoformans is not usually considered a cytotoxic fungal pathogen but there is considerable evidence that this microbe can damage host cells and tissues. In this essay, we review the evidence that C. neoformans damages host cells and note that the mechanisms involved are diverse. We consider C. neoformans-mediated host damage at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism level. Direct mechanisms of cytotoxicity include lytic exocytosis, organelle dysfunction, phagolysosomal membrane damage, and cytoskeletal alterations. Cytotoxicity contributes to pathogenesis by interfering with immune effector cell function and disrupting endothelial barriers thus allowing dissemination. When C. neoformans-mediated and immune-mediated host damage is sufficient to affect homeostasis, cryptococcosis occurs at the organism level. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5936990 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59369902018-05-14 Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage Casadevall, Arturo Coelho, Carolina Alanio, Alexandre Front Immunol Immunology Cryptococcus neoformans is not usually considered a cytotoxic fungal pathogen but there is considerable evidence that this microbe can damage host cells and tissues. In this essay, we review the evidence that C. neoformans damages host cells and note that the mechanisms involved are diverse. We consider C. neoformans-mediated host damage at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism level. Direct mechanisms of cytotoxicity include lytic exocytosis, organelle dysfunction, phagolysosomal membrane damage, and cytoskeletal alterations. Cytotoxicity contributes to pathogenesis by interfering with immune effector cell function and disrupting endothelial barriers thus allowing dissemination. When C. neoformans-mediated and immune-mediated host damage is sufficient to affect homeostasis, cryptococcosis occurs at the organism level. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5936990/ /pubmed/29760698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00855 Text en Copyright © 2018 Casadevall, Coelho and Alanio. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Casadevall, Arturo Coelho, Carolina Alanio, Alexandre Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage |
title | Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage |
title_full | Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage |
title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage |
title_short | Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage |
title_sort | mechanisms of cryptococcus neoformans-mediated host damage |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936990/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29760698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00855 |
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