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Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader

Organisms featuring wide trait variability and occurring in a wide range of habitats, such as the ovoviviparous New Zealand freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, are ideal models to study adaptation. Since the mid‐19th century, P. antipodarum, characterized by extremely variable shell morpholog...

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Autores principales: Verhaegen, Gerlien, McElroy, Kyle E., Bankers, Laura, Neiman, Maurine, Haase, Martin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5938463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29760888
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4009
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author Verhaegen, Gerlien
McElroy, Kyle E.
Bankers, Laura
Neiman, Maurine
Haase, Martin
author_facet Verhaegen, Gerlien
McElroy, Kyle E.
Bankers, Laura
Neiman, Maurine
Haase, Martin
author_sort Verhaegen, Gerlien
collection PubMed
description Organisms featuring wide trait variability and occurring in a wide range of habitats, such as the ovoviviparous New Zealand freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, are ideal models to study adaptation. Since the mid‐19th century, P. antipodarum, characterized by extremely variable shell morphology, has successfully invaded aquatic areas on four continents. Because these obligately and wholly asexual invasive populations harbor low genetic diversity compared to mixed sexual/asexual populations in the native range, we hypothesized that (1) this phenotypic variation in the invasive range might be adaptive with respect to colonization of novel habitats, and (2) that at least some of the variation might be caused by phenotypic plasticity. We surveyed 425 snails from 21 localities across northwest Europe to attempt to disentangle genetic and environmental effects on shell morphology. We analyzed brood size as proxy for fitness and shell geometric morphometrics, while controlling for genetic background. Our survey revealed 10 SNP genotypes nested into two mtDNA haplotypes and indicated that mainly lineage drove variation in shell shape but not size. Physicochemical parameters affected both shell shape and size and the interaction of these traits with brood size. In particular, stronger stream flow rates were associated with larger shells. Our measurements of brood size suggested that relatively larger slender snails with relatively large apertures were better adapted to strong flow than counterparts with broader shells and relatively small apertures. In conclusion, the apparent potential to modify shell morphology plays likely a key role in the invasive success of P. antipodarum; the two main components of shell morphology, namely shape and size, being differentially controlled, the former mainly genetically and the latter predominantly by phenotypic plasticity.
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spelling pubmed-59384632018-05-14 Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader Verhaegen, Gerlien McElroy, Kyle E. Bankers, Laura Neiman, Maurine Haase, Martin Ecol Evol Original Research Organisms featuring wide trait variability and occurring in a wide range of habitats, such as the ovoviviparous New Zealand freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, are ideal models to study adaptation. Since the mid‐19th century, P. antipodarum, characterized by extremely variable shell morphology, has successfully invaded aquatic areas on four continents. Because these obligately and wholly asexual invasive populations harbor low genetic diversity compared to mixed sexual/asexual populations in the native range, we hypothesized that (1) this phenotypic variation in the invasive range might be adaptive with respect to colonization of novel habitats, and (2) that at least some of the variation might be caused by phenotypic plasticity. We surveyed 425 snails from 21 localities across northwest Europe to attempt to disentangle genetic and environmental effects on shell morphology. We analyzed brood size as proxy for fitness and shell geometric morphometrics, while controlling for genetic background. Our survey revealed 10 SNP genotypes nested into two mtDNA haplotypes and indicated that mainly lineage drove variation in shell shape but not size. Physicochemical parameters affected both shell shape and size and the interaction of these traits with brood size. In particular, stronger stream flow rates were associated with larger shells. Our measurements of brood size suggested that relatively larger slender snails with relatively large apertures were better adapted to strong flow than counterparts with broader shells and relatively small apertures. In conclusion, the apparent potential to modify shell morphology plays likely a key role in the invasive success of P. antipodarum; the two main components of shell morphology, namely shape and size, being differentially controlled, the former mainly genetically and the latter predominantly by phenotypic plasticity. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5938463/ /pubmed/29760888 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4009 Text en © 2018 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Verhaegen, Gerlien
McElroy, Kyle E.
Bankers, Laura
Neiman, Maurine
Haase, Martin
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader
title Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader
title_full Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader
title_fullStr Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader
title_short Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader
title_sort adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a clonal invader
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5938463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29760888
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4009
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