A redox-active diborane platform performs C(sp(3))–H activation and nucleophilic substitution reactions

Organoboranes are among the most versatile and widely used reagents in synthetic chemistry. A significant further expansion of their application spectrum would be achievable if boron-containing reactive intermediates capable of inserting into C–H bonds or performing nucleophilic substitution reactions were readily available. However, current progress in the field is still hampered by a lack of universal design concepts and mechanistic understanding. Herein we report that the doubly arylene-bridged diborane(6) 1H(2) and its B[double bond, length as m-dash]B-bonded formal deprotonation product Li(2)[1] can activate the particularly inert C(sp(3))–H bonds of added H(3)CLi and H(3)CCl, respectively. The first case involves the attack of [H(3)C](–) on a Lewis-acidic boron center, whereas the second case follows a polarity-inverted pathway with nucleophilic attack of the B[double bond, length as m-dash]B double bond on H(3)CCl. Mechanistic details were elucidated by means of deuterium-labeled reagents, a radical clock, α,ω-dihaloalkane substrates, the experimental identification of key intermediates, and quantum-chemical calculations. It turned out that both systems, H(3)CLi/1H(2) and H(3)CCl/Li(2)[1], ultimately funnel into the same reaction pathway, which likely proceeds past a borylene-type intermediate and requires the cooperative interaction of both boron atoms.