Intracranial hemorrhage associated with medulla oblongata dysplasia in a premature infant: A case report

RATIONALE: Medulla oblongata dysplasia is an extremely rare form of neurodevelopmental immaturity in premature infants. Intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants may be closely related to neurodevelopmental immaturity. DIAGNOSES: We report a female premature infant who succumbed to intracranial hemorrhage caused by medulla oblongata dysplasia. PATIENT CONCERNS: The infant was born at 31 weeks gestation. The onset manifestation was symptomatic epilepsy associated with subependymal hemorrhage. INTERVENTIONS: Levetiracetam and sodium valproate were administered. During the hospitalization, hydrocephalus developed and the intracranial hemorrhage aggravated. OUTCOMES: The infant died on day 171 after birth. LESSONS: Early identification and prompt treatment should be emphasized. Clinicians should be aware of this condition, as it can potentially cause neonatal intracranial hemorrhage.