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Waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (Xiphophorus maculatus)

BACKGROUND: Evolution occurred exclusively under the full spectrum of sunlight. Conscription of narrow regions of the solar spectrum by specific photoreceptors suggests a common strategy for regulation of genetic pathways. Fluorescent light (FL) does not possess the complexity of the solar spectrum...

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Autores principales: Walter, Ronald B., Boswell, Mikki, Chang, Jordan, Boswell, William T., Lu, Yuan, Navarro, Kaela, Walter, Sean M., Walter, Dylan J., Salinas, Raquel, Savage, Markita
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946439/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29747585
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4735-5
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author Walter, Ronald B.
Boswell, Mikki
Chang, Jordan
Boswell, William T.
Lu, Yuan
Navarro, Kaela
Walter, Sean M.
Walter, Dylan J.
Salinas, Raquel
Savage, Markita
author_facet Walter, Ronald B.
Boswell, Mikki
Chang, Jordan
Boswell, William T.
Lu, Yuan
Navarro, Kaela
Walter, Sean M.
Walter, Dylan J.
Salinas, Raquel
Savage, Markita
author_sort Walter, Ronald B.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Evolution occurred exclusively under the full spectrum of sunlight. Conscription of narrow regions of the solar spectrum by specific photoreceptors suggests a common strategy for regulation of genetic pathways. Fluorescent light (FL) does not possess the complexity of the solar spectrum and has only been in service for about 60 years. If vertebrates evolved specific genetic responses regulated by light wavelengths representing the entire solar spectrum, there may be genetic consequences to reducing the spectral complexity of light. RESULTS: We utilized RNA-Seq to assess changes in the transcriptional profiles of Xiphophorus maculatus skin after exposure to FL (“cool white”), or narrow wavelength regions of light between 350 and 600 nm (i.e., 50 nm or 10 nm regions, herein termed “wavebands”). Exposure to each 50 nm waveband identified sets of genes representing discrete pathways that showed waveband specific transcriptional modulation. For example, 350–400 or 450–500 nm waveband exposures resulted in opposite regulation of gene sets marking necrosis and apoptosis (i.e., 350–400 nm; necrosis suppression, apoptosis activation, while 450–500 nm; apoptosis suppression, necrosis activation). Further investigation of specific transcriptional modulation employing successive 10 nm waveband exposures between 500 and 550 nm showed; (a) greater numbers of genes may be transcriptionally modulated after 10 nm exposures, than observed for 50 nm or FL exposures, (b) the 10 nm wavebands induced gene sets showing greater functional specificity than 50 nm or FL exposures, and (c) the genetic effects of FL are primarily due to 30 nm between 500 and 530 nm. Interestingly, many genetic pathways exhibited completely opposite transcriptional effects after different waveband exposures. For example, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway exhibits transcriptional suppression after FL exposure, becomes highly active after 450–500 nm waveband exposure, and again, exhibits strong transcriptional suppression after exposure to the 520–530 nm waveband. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest one may manipulate transcription of specific genetic pathways in skin by exposure of the intact animal to specific wavebands of light. In addition, we identify genes transcriptionally modulated in a predictable manner by specific waveband exposures. Such genes, and their regulatory elements, may represent valuable tools for genetic engineering and gene therapy protocols. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4735-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-59464392018-05-14 Waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (Xiphophorus maculatus) Walter, Ronald B. Boswell, Mikki Chang, Jordan Boswell, William T. Lu, Yuan Navarro, Kaela Walter, Sean M. Walter, Dylan J. Salinas, Raquel Savage, Markita BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: Evolution occurred exclusively under the full spectrum of sunlight. Conscription of narrow regions of the solar spectrum by specific photoreceptors suggests a common strategy for regulation of genetic pathways. Fluorescent light (FL) does not possess the complexity of the solar spectrum and has only been in service for about 60 years. If vertebrates evolved specific genetic responses regulated by light wavelengths representing the entire solar spectrum, there may be genetic consequences to reducing the spectral complexity of light. RESULTS: We utilized RNA-Seq to assess changes in the transcriptional profiles of Xiphophorus maculatus skin after exposure to FL (“cool white”), or narrow wavelength regions of light between 350 and 600 nm (i.e., 50 nm or 10 nm regions, herein termed “wavebands”). Exposure to each 50 nm waveband identified sets of genes representing discrete pathways that showed waveband specific transcriptional modulation. For example, 350–400 or 450–500 nm waveband exposures resulted in opposite regulation of gene sets marking necrosis and apoptosis (i.e., 350–400 nm; necrosis suppression, apoptosis activation, while 450–500 nm; apoptosis suppression, necrosis activation). Further investigation of specific transcriptional modulation employing successive 10 nm waveband exposures between 500 and 550 nm showed; (a) greater numbers of genes may be transcriptionally modulated after 10 nm exposures, than observed for 50 nm or FL exposures, (b) the 10 nm wavebands induced gene sets showing greater functional specificity than 50 nm or FL exposures, and (c) the genetic effects of FL are primarily due to 30 nm between 500 and 530 nm. Interestingly, many genetic pathways exhibited completely opposite transcriptional effects after different waveband exposures. For example, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway exhibits transcriptional suppression after FL exposure, becomes highly active after 450–500 nm waveband exposure, and again, exhibits strong transcriptional suppression after exposure to the 520–530 nm waveband. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest one may manipulate transcription of specific genetic pathways in skin by exposure of the intact animal to specific wavebands of light. In addition, we identify genes transcriptionally modulated in a predictable manner by specific waveband exposures. Such genes, and their regulatory elements, may represent valuable tools for genetic engineering and gene therapy protocols. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4735-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5946439/ /pubmed/29747585 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4735-5 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Walter, Ronald B.
Boswell, Mikki
Chang, Jordan
Boswell, William T.
Lu, Yuan
Navarro, Kaela
Walter, Sean M.
Walter, Dylan J.
Salinas, Raquel
Savage, Markita
Waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (Xiphophorus maculatus)
title Waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (Xiphophorus maculatus)
title_full Waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (Xiphophorus maculatus)
title_fullStr Waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (Xiphophorus maculatus)
title_full_unstemmed Waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (Xiphophorus maculatus)
title_short Waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (Xiphophorus maculatus)
title_sort waveband specific transcriptional control of select genetic pathways in vertebrate skin (xiphophorus maculatus)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946439/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29747585
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4735-5
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