Preoperative PROMIS Scores Predict Postoperative Outcomes After Primary ACL Reconstruction

BACKGROUND: PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) scores in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have not been fully described in the literature to date. The ability of preoperative patient-reported outcome scores to directly predict postoperative outcomes in patients who undergo primary ACL reconstruction is unknown. HYPOTHESIS: Postoperative PROMIS physical function (PF), pain interference (PI), and depression (D) scores in patients who undergo ACL reconstruction will show improvement when compared with preoperative scores. Additionally, preoperative PROMIS PF, PI, and D scores will predict which patients will not achieve a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) postoperatively. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 233 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction between 2015 and 2016 and had completed PROMIS measures both preoperatively (within 60 days of surgery) and postoperatively (100-240 days after surgery) were included in this study. PROMIS PF, PI, and D scores were compared. Accuracy analyses were performed to determine whether preoperative PROMIS scores from each domain could predict postoperative achievement of MCID in the same domain. Cutoff scores were then calculated. RESULTS: PROMIS PF, PI, and D scores all showed a significant improvement after ACL reconstruction (all P < .001). Preoperative scores from all 3 PROMIS domains showed a strong ability to predict clinically meaningful improvement, as defined by MCID, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.72 to 0.84. Optimal cutoffs for preoperative PROMIS scores showed that patients with a PF score of <42.5, PI score of >56.2, or D score of >44.8 were more likely to achieve MCID. CONCLUSION: PROMIS PF, PI, and D scores improved significantly in patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction. Preoperative PROMIS PF, PI, and D scores were highly predictive of outcome in the early postoperative period. The reported cutoff scores showed high probability in predicting which patients would and would not achieve a clinically meaningful improvement.