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Determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons
Cotton root growth can be affected by different nitrogen fertilizer rates. The objective of the present study was to quantify the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate on cotton root growth and distribution using minirhizotron and soil coring methods. A secondary objective was to evaluate the minir...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5947893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29750816 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197284 |
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author | Chen, Jing Liu, Liantao Wang, Zhanbiao Sun, Hongchun Zhang, Yongjiang Lu, Zhanyuan Li, Cundong |
author_facet | Chen, Jing Liu, Liantao Wang, Zhanbiao Sun, Hongchun Zhang, Yongjiang Lu, Zhanyuan Li, Cundong |
author_sort | Chen, Jing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cotton root growth can be affected by different nitrogen fertilizer rates. The objective of the present study was to quantify the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate on cotton root growth and distribution using minirhizotron and soil coring methods. A secondary objective was to evaluate the minirhizotron method as a tool for determining nitrogen application rates using the root distribution as an index. This study was conducted on a Bt cotton cultivar (Jimian 958) under four nitrogen fertilization rates, i.e., 0, 120, 240 and 480 kg ha(-1) (control, low, moderate and high levels, respectively), in the Yellow River basin of China from 2013–2015. The sampling process, details of each method as well as the root morphology and root distribution were measured. The operational processes, time and labor needed for the soil core method were all greater than those for the minirhizotron method. The total root length density and the length density in most soil layers, especially in the upper soil layers, first increased but then decreased as nitrogen fertilization increased, and the same trend was observed for both methods. Compared with N0, the total root length density under moderate nitrogen fertilization by the soil coring method increased by more than 94.82%, in 2014 and 61.11% in 2015; while by the minirhizotron method the corresponding values were 28.24% in 2014 and 57.47%, in 2015. Most roots were distributed in the shallow soil layers (0–60 cm) in each method. However, the root distribution with the soil coring method (>73.11%) was greater than that with the minirhizotron method (>47.07%). The correlations between the root morphology indexes of shallow soil depth measured using the two methods were generally significant, with correlative coefficients greater than 0.334. We concluded that the minirhizotron method could be used for cotton root analysis and most cotton roots distributed in upper soil layers (0-60cm). In addition, a moderate nitrogen rate (240 kg ha(-1)) could increase root growth, especially in the shallow soil layers. The differences observed with the minirhizotron method were clearer than those observed with the soil coring method. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5947893 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59478932018-05-25 Determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons Chen, Jing Liu, Liantao Wang, Zhanbiao Sun, Hongchun Zhang, Yongjiang Lu, Zhanyuan Li, Cundong PLoS One Research Article Cotton root growth can be affected by different nitrogen fertilizer rates. The objective of the present study was to quantify the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate on cotton root growth and distribution using minirhizotron and soil coring methods. A secondary objective was to evaluate the minirhizotron method as a tool for determining nitrogen application rates using the root distribution as an index. This study was conducted on a Bt cotton cultivar (Jimian 958) under four nitrogen fertilization rates, i.e., 0, 120, 240 and 480 kg ha(-1) (control, low, moderate and high levels, respectively), in the Yellow River basin of China from 2013–2015. The sampling process, details of each method as well as the root morphology and root distribution were measured. The operational processes, time and labor needed for the soil core method were all greater than those for the minirhizotron method. The total root length density and the length density in most soil layers, especially in the upper soil layers, first increased but then decreased as nitrogen fertilization increased, and the same trend was observed for both methods. Compared with N0, the total root length density under moderate nitrogen fertilization by the soil coring method increased by more than 94.82%, in 2014 and 61.11% in 2015; while by the minirhizotron method the corresponding values were 28.24% in 2014 and 57.47%, in 2015. Most roots were distributed in the shallow soil layers (0–60 cm) in each method. However, the root distribution with the soil coring method (>73.11%) was greater than that with the minirhizotron method (>47.07%). The correlations between the root morphology indexes of shallow soil depth measured using the two methods were generally significant, with correlative coefficients greater than 0.334. We concluded that the minirhizotron method could be used for cotton root analysis and most cotton roots distributed in upper soil layers (0-60cm). In addition, a moderate nitrogen rate (240 kg ha(-1)) could increase root growth, especially in the shallow soil layers. The differences observed with the minirhizotron method were clearer than those observed with the soil coring method. Public Library of Science 2018-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5947893/ /pubmed/29750816 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197284 Text en © 2018 Chen et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Chen, Jing Liu, Liantao Wang, Zhanbiao Sun, Hongchun Zhang, Yongjiang Lu, Zhanyuan Li, Cundong Determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons |
title | Determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons |
title_full | Determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons |
title_fullStr | Determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons |
title_full_unstemmed | Determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons |
title_short | Determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons |
title_sort | determining the effects of nitrogen rate on cotton root growth and distribution with soil cores and minirhizotrons |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5947893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29750816 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197284 |
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