Efficacy and Safety of Wheat Grass in Thalassemic Children on Regular Blood Transfusion

Background: In thalassemia, mutations either in alpha or beta chain synthesis results in low hemoglobin (Hb). Wheatgrass has been used for many years for health purposes. Some reports suggest the beneficial effect of wheatgrass on transfusion requirements. Folic acid is also known to play an important role in several biochemical reactions. In some patients with thalassemia, the supplementation of folic acid is useful. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of wheatgrass in children with thalassemia receiving chronic blood transfusions. Material and methods: In this randomized prospective study, 69 children with thalassemia were divided into the wheatgrass group and the control group (no wheatgrass). Both groups received a regular blood transfusion and folic acid. The treatment duration was 18 months. Anthropometric parameters, number of transfusions, and amount of blood transfused were compared within and between the groups at the end of the therapy. Clinical examinations, laboratory investigations, and ultrasounds for liver and spleen span were performed at the baseline and then every six months till 18 months. Adverse effects (if any) were noted on every visit. Quality of life (QOL) was evaluated before and at the end of the study using a questionnaire. Results: Sixty-nine (study group (n=45; mean age 6.35 ± 2.65 yrs); control group (n=24; 4.86 ± 2.77 yrs)) patients were enrolled, of which 12 from the study group and three from the control group did not complete the study. The difference in liver size within the wheatgrass group was significant (P <0.021) only at 18 months but not in the control group at any time point. The difference in spleen size was significant within the wheatgrass group (P<0.005) as well as the control group (P<0.001) at 18 months only. The difference in serum ferritin levels was not significant between the two groups. The increase in serum ferritin levels at the end of the study was significant in the control group when compared to the baseline (P<0.01). There was no difference in the average number of transfusions or in the blood transfusion requirement between the two groups. The difference in the QOL at the start and end was significant in the wheatgrass group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Wheatgrass appears to play a promising role in children with thalassemia receiving chronic blood transfusions.