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High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors †
This paper examines methods to best exploit the High Dynamic Range (HDR) of the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in a high fill-factor HDR photon counting pixel that is scalable to megapixel arrays. The proposed method combines multi-exposure HDR with temporal oversampling in-pixel. We present a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5948723/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29641479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041166 |
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author | Dutton, Neale A.W. Al Abbas, Tarek Gyongy, Istvan Mattioli Della Rocca, Francescopaolo Henderson, Robert K. |
author_facet | Dutton, Neale A.W. Al Abbas, Tarek Gyongy, Istvan Mattioli Della Rocca, Francescopaolo Henderson, Robert K. |
author_sort | Dutton, Neale A.W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper examines methods to best exploit the High Dynamic Range (HDR) of the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in a high fill-factor HDR photon counting pixel that is scalable to megapixel arrays. The proposed method combines multi-exposure HDR with temporal oversampling in-pixel. We present a silicon demonstration IC with 96 × 40 array of 8.25 µm pitch 66% fill-factor SPAD-based pixels achieving >100 dB dynamic range with 3 back-to-back exposures (short, mid, long). Each pixel sums 15 bit-planes or binary field images internally to constitute one frame providing 3.75× data compression, hence the 1k frames per second (FPS) output off-chip represents 45,000 individual field images per second on chip. Two future projections of this work are described: scaling SPAD-based image sensors to HDR 1 MPixel formats and shrinking the pixel pitch to 1–3 µm. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5948723 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59487232018-05-17 High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors † Dutton, Neale A.W. Al Abbas, Tarek Gyongy, Istvan Mattioli Della Rocca, Francescopaolo Henderson, Robert K. Sensors (Basel) Article This paper examines methods to best exploit the High Dynamic Range (HDR) of the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in a high fill-factor HDR photon counting pixel that is scalable to megapixel arrays. The proposed method combines multi-exposure HDR with temporal oversampling in-pixel. We present a silicon demonstration IC with 96 × 40 array of 8.25 µm pitch 66% fill-factor SPAD-based pixels achieving >100 dB dynamic range with 3 back-to-back exposures (short, mid, long). Each pixel sums 15 bit-planes or binary field images internally to constitute one frame providing 3.75× data compression, hence the 1k frames per second (FPS) output off-chip represents 45,000 individual field images per second on chip. Two future projections of this work are described: scaling SPAD-based image sensors to HDR 1 MPixel formats and shrinking the pixel pitch to 1–3 µm. MDPI 2018-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5948723/ /pubmed/29641479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041166 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dutton, Neale A.W. Al Abbas, Tarek Gyongy, Istvan Mattioli Della Rocca, Francescopaolo Henderson, Robert K. High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors † |
title | High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors † |
title_full | High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors † |
title_fullStr | High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors † |
title_full_unstemmed | High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors † |
title_short | High Dynamic Range Imaging at the Quantum Limit with Single Photon Avalanche Diode-Based Image Sensors † |
title_sort | high dynamic range imaging at the quantum limit with single photon avalanche diode-based image sensors † |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5948723/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29641479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041166 |
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