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Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review

The present paper reviews the methods and the performance of in situ formation of calcium phosphates (CaP) for the conservation of materials belonging to cultural heritage. The core idea is to form CaP (ideally hydroxyapatite, HAP, the most stable CaP at pH > 4) by reaction between the substrate...

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Autor principal: Sassoni, Enrico
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951441/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29617322
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11040557
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author Sassoni, Enrico
author_facet Sassoni, Enrico
author_sort Sassoni, Enrico
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description The present paper reviews the methods and the performance of in situ formation of calcium phosphates (CaP) for the conservation of materials belonging to cultural heritage. The core idea is to form CaP (ideally hydroxyapatite, HAP, the most stable CaP at pH > 4) by reaction between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt. Initially proposed for the conservation of marble and limestone, the treatment has been explored for a variety of different substrates, including sandstones, sulphated stones, gypsum stuccoes, concrete, wall paintings, archaeological bones and paper. First, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (e.g., nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, treatment duration, ionic and organic additions to the phosphate solution, mineralogical composition of the new CaP phases) are summarized. Then, the treatment performance on marble and limestone is reviewed, in terms of protective and consolidating effectiveness, compatibility (aesthetic, microstructural and physical) and durability. Some pilot applications in real case studies are also reported. Recent research aimed at extending the phosphate treatment to other substrates is then illustrated. Finally, the strengths of the phosphate treatment are summarized, in comparison with alternative products, and some aspects needing future research are outlined.
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spelling pubmed-59514412018-05-15 Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review Sassoni, Enrico Materials (Basel) Review The present paper reviews the methods and the performance of in situ formation of calcium phosphates (CaP) for the conservation of materials belonging to cultural heritage. The core idea is to form CaP (ideally hydroxyapatite, HAP, the most stable CaP at pH > 4) by reaction between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt. Initially proposed for the conservation of marble and limestone, the treatment has been explored for a variety of different substrates, including sandstones, sulphated stones, gypsum stuccoes, concrete, wall paintings, archaeological bones and paper. First, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (e.g., nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, treatment duration, ionic and organic additions to the phosphate solution, mineralogical composition of the new CaP phases) are summarized. Then, the treatment performance on marble and limestone is reviewed, in terms of protective and consolidating effectiveness, compatibility (aesthetic, microstructural and physical) and durability. Some pilot applications in real case studies are also reported. Recent research aimed at extending the phosphate treatment to other substrates is then illustrated. Finally, the strengths of the phosphate treatment are summarized, in comparison with alternative products, and some aspects needing future research are outlined. MDPI 2018-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5951441/ /pubmed/29617322 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11040557 Text en © 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sassoni, Enrico
Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review
title Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review
title_full Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review
title_fullStr Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review
title_short Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review
title_sort hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphates for the conservation of cultural heritage: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951441/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29617322
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11040557
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