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Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review
The present paper reviews the methods and the performance of in situ formation of calcium phosphates (CaP) for the conservation of materials belonging to cultural heritage. The core idea is to form CaP (ideally hydroxyapatite, HAP, the most stable CaP at pH > 4) by reaction between the substrate...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29617322 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11040557 |
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author | Sassoni, Enrico |
author_facet | Sassoni, Enrico |
author_sort | Sassoni, Enrico |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present paper reviews the methods and the performance of in situ formation of calcium phosphates (CaP) for the conservation of materials belonging to cultural heritage. The core idea is to form CaP (ideally hydroxyapatite, HAP, the most stable CaP at pH > 4) by reaction between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt. Initially proposed for the conservation of marble and limestone, the treatment has been explored for a variety of different substrates, including sandstones, sulphated stones, gypsum stuccoes, concrete, wall paintings, archaeological bones and paper. First, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (e.g., nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, treatment duration, ionic and organic additions to the phosphate solution, mineralogical composition of the new CaP phases) are summarized. Then, the treatment performance on marble and limestone is reviewed, in terms of protective and consolidating effectiveness, compatibility (aesthetic, microstructural and physical) and durability. Some pilot applications in real case studies are also reported. Recent research aimed at extending the phosphate treatment to other substrates is then illustrated. Finally, the strengths of the phosphate treatment are summarized, in comparison with alternative products, and some aspects needing future research are outlined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5951441 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59514412018-05-15 Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review Sassoni, Enrico Materials (Basel) Review The present paper reviews the methods and the performance of in situ formation of calcium phosphates (CaP) for the conservation of materials belonging to cultural heritage. The core idea is to form CaP (ideally hydroxyapatite, HAP, the most stable CaP at pH > 4) by reaction between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt. Initially proposed for the conservation of marble and limestone, the treatment has been explored for a variety of different substrates, including sandstones, sulphated stones, gypsum stuccoes, concrete, wall paintings, archaeological bones and paper. First, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (e.g., nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, treatment duration, ionic and organic additions to the phosphate solution, mineralogical composition of the new CaP phases) are summarized. Then, the treatment performance on marble and limestone is reviewed, in terms of protective and consolidating effectiveness, compatibility (aesthetic, microstructural and physical) and durability. Some pilot applications in real case studies are also reported. Recent research aimed at extending the phosphate treatment to other substrates is then illustrated. Finally, the strengths of the phosphate treatment are summarized, in comparison with alternative products, and some aspects needing future research are outlined. MDPI 2018-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5951441/ /pubmed/29617322 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11040557 Text en © 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sassoni, Enrico Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review |
title | Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review |
title_full | Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review |
title_fullStr | Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review |
title_short | Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review |
title_sort | hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphates for the conservation of cultural heritage: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29617322 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11040557 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT sassonienrico hydroxyapatiteandothercalciumphosphatesfortheconservationofculturalheritageareview |