Alloying and Hardness of Eutectics with Nb(ss) and Nb(5)Si(3) in Nb-silicide Based Alloys

In Nb-silicide based alloys, eutectics can form that contain the Nb(ss) and Nb(5)Si(3) phases. The Nb(5)Si(3) can be rich or poor in Ti, the Nb can be substituted with other transition and refractory metals, and the Si can be substituted with simple metal and metalloid elements. For the production of directionally solidified in situ composites of multi-element Nb-silicide based alloys, data about eutectics with Nb(ss) and Nb(5)Si(3) is essential. In this paper, the alloying behaviour of eutectics observed in Nb-silicide based alloys was studied using the parameters ΔH(mix), ΔS(mix), VEC (valence electron concentration), δ (related to atomic size), Δχ (related to electronegativity), and Ω (= T(m) ΔS(mix)/|ΔH(mix)|). The values of these parameters were in the ranges −41.9 < ΔH(mix) <−25.5 kJ/mol, 4.7 < ΔS(mix) < 15 J/molK, 4.33 < VEC < 4.89, 6.23 < δ < 9.44, 0.38 < Ω < 1.35, and 0.118 < Δχ < 0.248, with a gap in Δχ values between 0.164 and 0.181. Correlations between ΔS(mix), Ω, ΔS(mix), and VEC were found for all of the eutectics. The correlation between ΔH(mix) and δ for the eutectics was the same as that of the Nb(ss), with more negative ΔH(mix) for the former. The δ versus Δχ map separated the Ti-rich eutectics from the Ti-poor eutectics, with a gap in Δχ values between 0.164 and 0.181, which is within the Δχ gap of the Nb(ss). Eutectics were separated according to alloying additions in the Δχ versus VEC, Δχ versus <Si>, δ versus <Si>, and VEC versus <Si> maps, where <Si> = Al + Ge + Si + Sn. Convergence of data in maps occurred at δ ≈ 9.25, VEC ≈ 4.35, Δχ in the range ≈ 0.155 to 0.162, and <Si> in the range ≈ 21.6 at.% to ≈ 24.3 at.%. The convergence of data also indicated that the minimum concentration of Ti and maximum concentrations of Al and Si in the eutectic were about 8.7 at.% Ti, 6.3 at.% Al, and 21.6 at.% Si, respectively, and that the minimum concentration of Si in the eutectic was in the range 8 < Si < 10 at.%.