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The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure
A high reactivity and leaving no harmful residues make ozone an effective disinfectant for farm hygiene and biosecurity. Our objectives were therefore to (1) characterize the killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone at different operational conditions on dairy cattle manure-based pathogens (MBP...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951574/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29758045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196555 |
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author | Megahed, Ameer Aldridge, Brian Lowe, James |
author_facet | Megahed, Ameer Aldridge, Brian Lowe, James |
author_sort | Megahed, Ameer |
collection | PubMed |
description | A high reactivity and leaving no harmful residues make ozone an effective disinfectant for farm hygiene and biosecurity. Our objectives were therefore to (1) characterize the killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone at different operational conditions on dairy cattle manure-based pathogens (MBP) contaminated different surfaces (plastic, metal, nylon, rubber, and wood); (2) determine the effect of microbial load on the killing capacity of aqueous ozone. In a crossover design, 14 strips of each material were randomly assigned into 3 groups, treatment (n = 6), positive-control (n = 6), and negative-control (n = 2). The strips were soaked in dairy cattle manure with an inoculum level of 10(7)–10(8) for 60 minutes. The treatment strips were exposed to aqueous ozone of 2, 4, and 9 ppm and gaseous ozone of 1and 9 ppm for 2, 4, and 8 minutes exposure. 3M™ Petrifilm™ rapid aerobic count plate and plate reader were used for bacterial culture. On smooth surfaces, plastic and metal, aqueous ozone at 4 ppm reduced MBP to a safe level (≥5-log(10)) within 2 minutes (6.1 and 5.1-log(10), respectively). However, gaseous ozone at 9 ppm for 4 minutes inactivated 3.3-log(10) of MBP. Aqueous ozone of 9 ppm is sufficient to reduce MBP to a safe level, 6.0 and 5.4- log(10,) on nylon and rubber surfaces within 2 and 8 minutes, respectively. On complex surfaces, wood, both aqueous and gaseous ozone at up to 9 ppm were unable to reduce MBP to a safe level (3.6 and 0.8-log(10), respectively). The bacterial load was a strong predictor for reduction in MBP (P<0.0001, R(2) = 0.72). We conclude that aqueous ozone of 4 and 9 ppm for 2 minutes may provide an efficient method to reduce MBP to a safe level on smooth and moderately rough surfaces, respectively. However, ozone alone may not an adequate means of controlling MBP on complex surfaces. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5951574 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59515742018-05-25 The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure Megahed, Ameer Aldridge, Brian Lowe, James PLoS One Research Article A high reactivity and leaving no harmful residues make ozone an effective disinfectant for farm hygiene and biosecurity. Our objectives were therefore to (1) characterize the killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone at different operational conditions on dairy cattle manure-based pathogens (MBP) contaminated different surfaces (plastic, metal, nylon, rubber, and wood); (2) determine the effect of microbial load on the killing capacity of aqueous ozone. In a crossover design, 14 strips of each material were randomly assigned into 3 groups, treatment (n = 6), positive-control (n = 6), and negative-control (n = 2). The strips were soaked in dairy cattle manure with an inoculum level of 10(7)–10(8) for 60 minutes. The treatment strips were exposed to aqueous ozone of 2, 4, and 9 ppm and gaseous ozone of 1and 9 ppm for 2, 4, and 8 minutes exposure. 3M™ Petrifilm™ rapid aerobic count plate and plate reader were used for bacterial culture. On smooth surfaces, plastic and metal, aqueous ozone at 4 ppm reduced MBP to a safe level (≥5-log(10)) within 2 minutes (6.1 and 5.1-log(10), respectively). However, gaseous ozone at 9 ppm for 4 minutes inactivated 3.3-log(10) of MBP. Aqueous ozone of 9 ppm is sufficient to reduce MBP to a safe level, 6.0 and 5.4- log(10,) on nylon and rubber surfaces within 2 and 8 minutes, respectively. On complex surfaces, wood, both aqueous and gaseous ozone at up to 9 ppm were unable to reduce MBP to a safe level (3.6 and 0.8-log(10), respectively). The bacterial load was a strong predictor for reduction in MBP (P<0.0001, R(2) = 0.72). We conclude that aqueous ozone of 4 and 9 ppm for 2 minutes may provide an efficient method to reduce MBP to a safe level on smooth and moderately rough surfaces, respectively. However, ozone alone may not an adequate means of controlling MBP on complex surfaces. Public Library of Science 2018-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5951574/ /pubmed/29758045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196555 Text en © 2018 Megahed et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Megahed, Ameer Aldridge, Brian Lowe, James The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure |
title | The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure |
title_full | The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure |
title_fullStr | The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure |
title_full_unstemmed | The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure |
title_short | The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure |
title_sort | microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951574/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29758045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196555 |
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