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An Examination of the Multi-Faceted Motivation System in Healthy Young Adults
Background: Amotivation is a prevalent symptom in schizophrenia (SZ) and depression (MDD), and is linked to poor functional outcomes in affected individuals. Conceptualizations of motivation have outlined a multi-faceted construct comprised of reward responsiveness, reward expectancy, reward valuati...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5958204/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29867611 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00191 |
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author | Da Silva, Susana Apatsidou, Areti Saperia, Sarah Siddiqui, Ishraq Jeffay, Eliyas Voineskos, Aristotle N. Daskalakis, Zafiris J. Remington, Gary Zakzanis, Konstantine K. Foussias, George |
author_facet | Da Silva, Susana Apatsidou, Areti Saperia, Sarah Siddiqui, Ishraq Jeffay, Eliyas Voineskos, Aristotle N. Daskalakis, Zafiris J. Remington, Gary Zakzanis, Konstantine K. Foussias, George |
author_sort | Da Silva, Susana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Amotivation is a prevalent symptom in schizophrenia (SZ) and depression (MDD), and is linked to poor functional outcomes in affected individuals. Conceptualizations of motivation have outlined a multi-faceted construct comprised of reward responsiveness, reward expectancy, reward valuation, effort valuation, and action selection/preference-based decision making. To date, findings from studies utilizing variable-centered approaches to examining isolated facets of motivation in SZ and MDD have been inconsistent. Thus, the present study adopted a person-centered approach, and comprehensively examined the reward system in a non-clinical sample in an attempt to explore potential subtypes of motivation impairments, while minimizing the effects of illness-related confounds. Methods: Ninety-six healthy undergraduate students were evaluated for amotivation, schizotypal traits, depressive symptoms, and cognition, and administered objective computerized tasks to measure the different facets of motivation. Cluster analysis was performed to explore subgroups of individuals based on similar motivation task performance. Additionally, correlational analyses were conducted in order to examine inter-relationships between motivation facets, and relations between clinical measures and facets of motivation. Results: Cluster analysis identified two subgroups of individuals with differential motivation performance profiles. Correlational analyses revealed that reward responsiveness was associated with amotivation, depressive symptoms, and negative schizotypy. Further, significant inter-correlations were found between reward responsiveness and reward expectancy, as well as between reward valuation and effort valuation. Conclusions: Our results mark important steps forward in understanding motivation in a non-clinical sample, and guide future dimensional and comprehensive analyses of the multi-faceted reward system. It remains to be seen whether these patterns of results will be similar in clinical populations such as SZ and MDD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5958204 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59582042018-06-04 An Examination of the Multi-Faceted Motivation System in Healthy Young Adults Da Silva, Susana Apatsidou, Areti Saperia, Sarah Siddiqui, Ishraq Jeffay, Eliyas Voineskos, Aristotle N. Daskalakis, Zafiris J. Remington, Gary Zakzanis, Konstantine K. Foussias, George Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Background: Amotivation is a prevalent symptom in schizophrenia (SZ) and depression (MDD), and is linked to poor functional outcomes in affected individuals. Conceptualizations of motivation have outlined a multi-faceted construct comprised of reward responsiveness, reward expectancy, reward valuation, effort valuation, and action selection/preference-based decision making. To date, findings from studies utilizing variable-centered approaches to examining isolated facets of motivation in SZ and MDD have been inconsistent. Thus, the present study adopted a person-centered approach, and comprehensively examined the reward system in a non-clinical sample in an attempt to explore potential subtypes of motivation impairments, while minimizing the effects of illness-related confounds. Methods: Ninety-six healthy undergraduate students were evaluated for amotivation, schizotypal traits, depressive symptoms, and cognition, and administered objective computerized tasks to measure the different facets of motivation. Cluster analysis was performed to explore subgroups of individuals based on similar motivation task performance. Additionally, correlational analyses were conducted in order to examine inter-relationships between motivation facets, and relations between clinical measures and facets of motivation. Results: Cluster analysis identified two subgroups of individuals with differential motivation performance profiles. Correlational analyses revealed that reward responsiveness was associated with amotivation, depressive symptoms, and negative schizotypy. Further, significant inter-correlations were found between reward responsiveness and reward expectancy, as well as between reward valuation and effort valuation. Conclusions: Our results mark important steps forward in understanding motivation in a non-clinical sample, and guide future dimensional and comprehensive analyses of the multi-faceted reward system. It remains to be seen whether these patterns of results will be similar in clinical populations such as SZ and MDD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5958204/ /pubmed/29867611 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00191 Text en Copyright © 2018 Da Silva, Apatsidou, Saperia, Siddiqui, Jeffay, Voineskos, Daskalakis, Remington, Zakzanis and Foussias. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Da Silva, Susana Apatsidou, Areti Saperia, Sarah Siddiqui, Ishraq Jeffay, Eliyas Voineskos, Aristotle N. Daskalakis, Zafiris J. Remington, Gary Zakzanis, Konstantine K. Foussias, George An Examination of the Multi-Faceted Motivation System in Healthy Young Adults |
title | An Examination of the Multi-Faceted Motivation System in Healthy Young Adults |
title_full | An Examination of the Multi-Faceted Motivation System in Healthy Young Adults |
title_fullStr | An Examination of the Multi-Faceted Motivation System in Healthy Young Adults |
title_full_unstemmed | An Examination of the Multi-Faceted Motivation System in Healthy Young Adults |
title_short | An Examination of the Multi-Faceted Motivation System in Healthy Young Adults |
title_sort | examination of the multi-faceted motivation system in healthy young adults |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5958204/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29867611 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00191 |
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