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Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus

BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus causing severe disease in humans and livestock. It is endemic in Africa and spread to the Arabian Peninsula in 2000 raising concerns it could emerge in Europe. The ability of temperate mosquitoes from the United Kingdom (...

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Autores principales: Lumley, Sarah, Hernández-Triana, Luis M., Horton, Daniel L., Fernández de Marco, Maria Del Mar, Medlock, Jolyon M., Hewson, Roger, Fooks, Anthony R., Johnson, Nicholas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5960175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29776384
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2884-7
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author Lumley, Sarah
Hernández-Triana, Luis M.
Horton, Daniel L.
Fernández de Marco, Maria Del Mar
Medlock, Jolyon M.
Hewson, Roger
Fooks, Anthony R.
Johnson, Nicholas
author_facet Lumley, Sarah
Hernández-Triana, Luis M.
Horton, Daniel L.
Fernández de Marco, Maria Del Mar
Medlock, Jolyon M.
Hewson, Roger
Fooks, Anthony R.
Johnson, Nicholas
author_sort Lumley, Sarah
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus causing severe disease in humans and livestock. It is endemic in Africa and spread to the Arabian Peninsula in 2000 raising concerns it could emerge in Europe. The ability of temperate mosquitoes from the United Kingdom (UK) to support replication and transmission of RVFV is unknown. METHODS: In this study, two colonised lines of Culex pipiens, wild-caught Aedes detritus and Ae. rusticus from the UK were infected with pathogenic strains of RVFV to assess their vector competence. Mosquitoes were offered artificial blood-meals containing 10(6) or 10(7) plaque forming units (PFU)/ml RVFV, simulating natural peak viraemia in young ruminants, and maintained at 20 °C or 25 °C for up to 21 days. Bodies, legs and saliva were collected and tested for the presence of viral RNA and infectious virus to determine the infection, dissemination and transmission potential. RESULTS: Across temperatures, doses and strains the average infection, dissemination and transmission rates were: 35, 13 and 5% (n = 91) for Cx. pipiens (Caldbeck); 23, 14 and 5% (n = 138) for Cx. pipiens (Brookwood); 36, 28 and 7% (n = 118) for Ae. detritus. However, despite 35% (n = 20) being susceptible to infection, Ae. rusticus did not transmit RVFV. Survival of Aedes species was negatively affected by maintenance at 25 °C compared to the more representative peak average British summer temperature of 20 °C. Increased mortality was also observed with some species infected with 10(7) PFU/ml compared to 10(6) PFU/ml. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that temperate mosquito species present in the UK demonstrate a transmission potential for RVFV in the laboratory but, even at high temperatures, this occurred at low efficiency. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2884-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-59601752018-05-24 Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus Lumley, Sarah Hernández-Triana, Luis M. Horton, Daniel L. Fernández de Marco, Maria Del Mar Medlock, Jolyon M. Hewson, Roger Fooks, Anthony R. Johnson, Nicholas Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus causing severe disease in humans and livestock. It is endemic in Africa and spread to the Arabian Peninsula in 2000 raising concerns it could emerge in Europe. The ability of temperate mosquitoes from the United Kingdom (UK) to support replication and transmission of RVFV is unknown. METHODS: In this study, two colonised lines of Culex pipiens, wild-caught Aedes detritus and Ae. rusticus from the UK were infected with pathogenic strains of RVFV to assess their vector competence. Mosquitoes were offered artificial blood-meals containing 10(6) or 10(7) plaque forming units (PFU)/ml RVFV, simulating natural peak viraemia in young ruminants, and maintained at 20 °C or 25 °C for up to 21 days. Bodies, legs and saliva were collected and tested for the presence of viral RNA and infectious virus to determine the infection, dissemination and transmission potential. RESULTS: Across temperatures, doses and strains the average infection, dissemination and transmission rates were: 35, 13 and 5% (n = 91) for Cx. pipiens (Caldbeck); 23, 14 and 5% (n = 138) for Cx. pipiens (Brookwood); 36, 28 and 7% (n = 118) for Ae. detritus. However, despite 35% (n = 20) being susceptible to infection, Ae. rusticus did not transmit RVFV. Survival of Aedes species was negatively affected by maintenance at 25 °C compared to the more representative peak average British summer temperature of 20 °C. Increased mortality was also observed with some species infected with 10(7) PFU/ml compared to 10(6) PFU/ml. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that temperate mosquito species present in the UK demonstrate a transmission potential for RVFV in the laboratory but, even at high temperatures, this occurred at low efficiency. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2884-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5960175/ /pubmed/29776384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2884-7 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Lumley, Sarah
Hernández-Triana, Luis M.
Horton, Daniel L.
Fernández de Marco, Maria Del Mar
Medlock, Jolyon M.
Hewson, Roger
Fooks, Anthony R.
Johnson, Nicholas
Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus
title Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus
title_full Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus
title_fullStr Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus
title_full_unstemmed Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus
title_short Competence of mosquitoes native to the United Kingdom to support replication and transmission of Rift Valley fever virus
title_sort competence of mosquitoes native to the united kingdom to support replication and transmission of rift valley fever virus
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5960175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29776384
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2884-7
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