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Tissue Anisotropy Modeling Using Soft Composite Materials

Soft tissues in general exhibit anisotropic mechanical behavior, which varies in three dimensions based on the location of the tissue in the body. In the past, there have been few attempts to numerically model tissue anisotropy using composite-based formulations (involving fibers embedded within a m...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Chanda, Arnab, Callaway, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5966707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29853996
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4838157
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author Chanda, Arnab
Callaway, Christian
author_facet Chanda, Arnab
Callaway, Christian
author_sort Chanda, Arnab
collection PubMed
description Soft tissues in general exhibit anisotropic mechanical behavior, which varies in three dimensions based on the location of the tissue in the body. In the past, there have been few attempts to numerically model tissue anisotropy using composite-based formulations (involving fibers embedded within a matrix material). However, so far, tissue anisotropy has not been modeled experimentally. In the current work, novel elastomer-based soft composite materials were developed in the form of experimental test coupons, to model the macroscopic anisotropy in tissue mechanical properties. A soft elastomer matrix was fabricated, and fibers made of a stiffer elastomer material were embedded within the matrix material to generate the test coupons. The coupons were tested on a mechanical testing machine, and the resulting stress-versus-stretch responses were studied. The fiber volume fraction (FVF), fiber spacing, and orientations were varied to estimate the changes in the mechanical responses. The mechanical behavior of the soft composites was characterized using hyperelastic material models such as Mooney-Rivlin's, Humphrey's, and Veronda-Westmann's model and also compared with the anisotropic mechanical behavior of the human skin, pelvic tissues, and brain tissues. This work lays the foundation for the experimental modelling of tissue anisotropy, which combined with microscopic studies on tissues can lead to refinements in the simulation of localized fiber distribution and orientations, and enable the development of biofidelic anisotropic tissue phantom materials for various tissue engineering and testing applications.
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spelling pubmed-59667072018-05-31 Tissue Anisotropy Modeling Using Soft Composite Materials Chanda, Arnab Callaway, Christian Appl Bionics Biomech Research Article Soft tissues in general exhibit anisotropic mechanical behavior, which varies in three dimensions based on the location of the tissue in the body. In the past, there have been few attempts to numerically model tissue anisotropy using composite-based formulations (involving fibers embedded within a matrix material). However, so far, tissue anisotropy has not been modeled experimentally. In the current work, novel elastomer-based soft composite materials were developed in the form of experimental test coupons, to model the macroscopic anisotropy in tissue mechanical properties. A soft elastomer matrix was fabricated, and fibers made of a stiffer elastomer material were embedded within the matrix material to generate the test coupons. The coupons were tested on a mechanical testing machine, and the resulting stress-versus-stretch responses were studied. The fiber volume fraction (FVF), fiber spacing, and orientations were varied to estimate the changes in the mechanical responses. The mechanical behavior of the soft composites was characterized using hyperelastic material models such as Mooney-Rivlin's, Humphrey's, and Veronda-Westmann's model and also compared with the anisotropic mechanical behavior of the human skin, pelvic tissues, and brain tissues. This work lays the foundation for the experimental modelling of tissue anisotropy, which combined with microscopic studies on tissues can lead to refinements in the simulation of localized fiber distribution and orientations, and enable the development of biofidelic anisotropic tissue phantom materials for various tissue engineering and testing applications. Hindawi 2018-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5966707/ /pubmed/29853996 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4838157 Text en Copyright © 2018 Arnab Chanda and Christian Callaway. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Chanda, Arnab
Callaway, Christian
Tissue Anisotropy Modeling Using Soft Composite Materials
title Tissue Anisotropy Modeling Using Soft Composite Materials
title_full Tissue Anisotropy Modeling Using Soft Composite Materials
title_fullStr Tissue Anisotropy Modeling Using Soft Composite Materials
title_full_unstemmed Tissue Anisotropy Modeling Using Soft Composite Materials
title_short Tissue Anisotropy Modeling Using Soft Composite Materials
title_sort tissue anisotropy modeling using soft composite materials
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5966707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29853996
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4838157
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