Cohort survey of college students’ eating attitudes: interventions for depressive symptoms and stress coping were key factors for preventing bulimia in a subthreshold group

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the necessity of early intervention for students with potential bulimia by investigating how the eating attitudes of college students change and examining the relation between bulimic symptoms and depressive symptoms or the ability to cope with stress. METHODS: The study participants were students who entered Hiroshima University in 2014. This study was conducted at two time points: Time-1 in 2014 and Time-2 in 2017. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Bulimic Inventory Test, Edinburgh (BITE), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) were administered at Times 1 and 2, and the responses were compared between the time points. Next, we compared the BDI-II scores of the BITE improved and worsened groups. In addition, we divided the participants into a clinical group, subthreshold group, and healthy group based on the BITE score at Time-1to compared their depressive symptoms and the ability to cope with stress. RESULTS: Significantly higher BITE and BDI-II scores were recorded for both males and females at Time-2 than at Time-1. The BDI-II score at Time-1 was significantly higher in the BITE worsened group than in the BITE improved group. The BDI-II scores at Time-1 were significantly higher for both males and females in the subthreshold group than in the healthy group. Furthermore, significantly higher CISS-T and CISS-E scores were recorded at Time-1 for females in the subthreshold group than for females in the healthy group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, intervention for students the subthreshold group is important, and the key to intervention may be to address not only eating behaviors but also depressive symptoms and stress coping. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000029474 Registered 9 October, 2017 (retrospectively).