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What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning

Knowledge about developmental theories is important for experts or specialists working with children following normal development and children who have various kinds of dysfunction, in order to better understand what happens with processes associated with motor behavior. In this article, we have exp...

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Autores principales: Sigmundsson, Hermundur, Trana, Leif, Polman, Remco, Haga, Monika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5968992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29910400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports5020038
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author Sigmundsson, Hermundur
Trana, Leif
Polman, Remco
Haga, Monika
author_facet Sigmundsson, Hermundur
Trana, Leif
Polman, Remco
Haga, Monika
author_sort Sigmundsson, Hermundur
collection PubMed
description Knowledge about developmental theories is important for experts or specialists working with children following normal development and children who have various kinds of dysfunction, in order to better understand what happens with processes associated with motor behavior. In this article, we have explored how theories of development and learning can be used to understand processes associated with motor behavior. A probabilistic perspective emphasizes that the changes taking place in the development is a result of interaction: structural changes in the nervous system leading to changes in function and behavior and opposite, functional changes resulting in changes in structure. This bidirectional interaction between biological and experiential aspects is a continuous process which cannot be reduced to either organism or environment. Dynamical systems theory (DST) emphasizes that it is the interaction between the person, the environment, and the task that changes how our movements are, also in terms of how we develop and learn new movements. The interplay between these factors will, over time, lead to changes in motor development. The importance of experience is central to Edelman's theory of neuronal group selection (NGST). Activation of the nervous system increases the connections between certain areas of the brain, and the selection processes in the brain are a result of enhancement of neural connections involved in a "successful" motion. The central nervous system adapts its structure and function in response to internal and external influences, and hence neural plasticity is a prerequisite for learning and development. We argue that Edelman´s approach supports the theory of specificity of learning. From the perspectives of probabilistic epigenesis, DST, and NGST, we can see that being physically active and having the opportunity to get different movement experiences are of great significance for promoting motor development and learning. A variation of purposeful or rewarding physical activity in a variety of contexts will provide individual opportunities for changes of behavior in terms of both quantitative and qualitative changes in motor development.
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spelling pubmed-59689922018-06-13 What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning Sigmundsson, Hermundur Trana, Leif Polman, Remco Haga, Monika Sports (Basel) Article Knowledge about developmental theories is important for experts or specialists working with children following normal development and children who have various kinds of dysfunction, in order to better understand what happens with processes associated with motor behavior. In this article, we have explored how theories of development and learning can be used to understand processes associated with motor behavior. A probabilistic perspective emphasizes that the changes taking place in the development is a result of interaction: structural changes in the nervous system leading to changes in function and behavior and opposite, functional changes resulting in changes in structure. This bidirectional interaction between biological and experiential aspects is a continuous process which cannot be reduced to either organism or environment. Dynamical systems theory (DST) emphasizes that it is the interaction between the person, the environment, and the task that changes how our movements are, also in terms of how we develop and learn new movements. The interplay between these factors will, over time, lead to changes in motor development. The importance of experience is central to Edelman's theory of neuronal group selection (NGST). Activation of the nervous system increases the connections between certain areas of the brain, and the selection processes in the brain are a result of enhancement of neural connections involved in a "successful" motion. The central nervous system adapts its structure and function in response to internal and external influences, and hence neural plasticity is a prerequisite for learning and development. We argue that Edelman´s approach supports the theory of specificity of learning. From the perspectives of probabilistic epigenesis, DST, and NGST, we can see that being physically active and having the opportunity to get different movement experiences are of great significance for promoting motor development and learning. A variation of purposeful or rewarding physical activity in a variety of contexts will provide individual opportunities for changes of behavior in terms of both quantitative and qualitative changes in motor development. MDPI 2017-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5968992/ /pubmed/29910400 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports5020038 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sigmundsson, Hermundur
Trana, Leif
Polman, Remco
Haga, Monika
What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning
title What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning
title_full What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning
title_fullStr What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning
title_full_unstemmed What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning
title_short What is Trained Develops! Theoretical Perspective on Skill Learning
title_sort what is trained develops! theoretical perspective on skill learning
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5968992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29910400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports5020038
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