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Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling
Azo dyes are one of the largest classes of synthetic dyes being used in textile industries. It has been reported that 15–50% of these dyes find their way into wastewater that is often used for irrigation purpose in developing countries. The effect of azo dyes contamination on soil nitrogen (N) has b...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5969049/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29844965 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4802 |
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author | Rehman, Khadeeja Shahzad, Tanvir Sahar, Amna Hussain, Sabir Mahmood, Faisal Siddique, Muhammad H. Siddique, Muhammad A. Rashid, Muhammad I. |
author_facet | Rehman, Khadeeja Shahzad, Tanvir Sahar, Amna Hussain, Sabir Mahmood, Faisal Siddique, Muhammad H. Siddique, Muhammad A. Rashid, Muhammad I. |
author_sort | Rehman, Khadeeja |
collection | PubMed |
description | Azo dyes are one of the largest classes of synthetic dyes being used in textile industries. It has been reported that 15–50% of these dyes find their way into wastewater that is often used for irrigation purpose in developing countries. The effect of azo dyes contamination on soil nitrogen (N) has been studied previously. However, how does the azo dye contamination affect soil carbon (C) cycling is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of azo dye contamination (Reactive Black 5, 30 mg kg(−1) dry soil), bacteria that decolorize this dye and dye + bacteria in the presence or absence of maize leaf litter on soil respiration, soil inorganic N and microbial biomass. We found that dye contamination did not induce any change in soil respiration, soil microbial biomass or soil inorganic N availability (P > 0.05). Litter evidently increased soil respiration. Our study concludes that the Reactive Black 5 azo dye (applied in low amount, i.e., 30 mg kg(−1) dry soil) contamination did not modify organic matter decomposition, N mineralization and microbial biomass in a silty loam soil. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5969049 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59690492018-05-29 Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling Rehman, Khadeeja Shahzad, Tanvir Sahar, Amna Hussain, Sabir Mahmood, Faisal Siddique, Muhammad H. Siddique, Muhammad A. Rashid, Muhammad I. PeerJ Soil Science Azo dyes are one of the largest classes of synthetic dyes being used in textile industries. It has been reported that 15–50% of these dyes find their way into wastewater that is often used for irrigation purpose in developing countries. The effect of azo dyes contamination on soil nitrogen (N) has been studied previously. However, how does the azo dye contamination affect soil carbon (C) cycling is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of azo dye contamination (Reactive Black 5, 30 mg kg(−1) dry soil), bacteria that decolorize this dye and dye + bacteria in the presence or absence of maize leaf litter on soil respiration, soil inorganic N and microbial biomass. We found that dye contamination did not induce any change in soil respiration, soil microbial biomass or soil inorganic N availability (P > 0.05). Litter evidently increased soil respiration. Our study concludes that the Reactive Black 5 azo dye (applied in low amount, i.e., 30 mg kg(−1) dry soil) contamination did not modify organic matter decomposition, N mineralization and microbial biomass in a silty loam soil. PeerJ Inc. 2018-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5969049/ /pubmed/29844965 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4802 Text en ©2018 Rehman et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Soil Science Rehman, Khadeeja Shahzad, Tanvir Sahar, Amna Hussain, Sabir Mahmood, Faisal Siddique, Muhammad H. Siddique, Muhammad A. Rashid, Muhammad I. Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling |
title | Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling |
title_full | Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling |
title_fullStr | Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling |
title_short | Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling |
title_sort | effect of reactive black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to c and n cycling |
topic | Soil Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5969049/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29844965 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4802 |
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