Attention improves memory by suppressing spiking-neuron activity in the human anterior temporal lobe

We identify a memory-specific attention mechanism in the human anterior temporal lobe, an area implicated in semantic processing and episodic memory formation. Spiking neuron activity is suppressed and becomes more reliable in preparation for verbal memory formation. Intracranial EEG signals implicate this region as a source of executive control for attentional selection. Consistent with this interpretation, its surgical removal causes a significant memory impairment for attended words relative to unattended words.