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A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept

Under the concept of cancer immune surveillance, individuals with primary immune deficiencies would be expected to develop many more malignancies and show an excess of all types of cancers, compared to people with a normal immune system. A review of the nine most frequent and best-documented human c...

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Autor principal: Satgé, Daniel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5976747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29881389
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01149
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author Satgé, Daniel
author_facet Satgé, Daniel
author_sort Satgé, Daniel
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description Under the concept of cancer immune surveillance, individuals with primary immune deficiencies would be expected to develop many more malignancies and show an excess of all types of cancers, compared to people with a normal immune system. A review of the nine most frequent and best-documented human conditions with primary immune deficiency reveals a 1.6- to 2.3-fold global increase of cancer in the largest epidemiological studies. However, the spectrum of cancer types with higher frequencies is narrow, limited mainly to lymphoma, digestive tract cancers, and virus-induced cancers. Increased lymphoma is also reported in animal models of immune deficiency. Overstimulation of leukocytes, chronic inflammation, and viruses explain this tumor profile. This raises the question of cancers being foreign organisms or tissues. Organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites as well as non-compatible grafts are seen as foreign (non-self) and identified and destroyed or rejected by the body (self). As cancer cells rarely show strong (and unique) surface antibodies, their recognition and elimination by the immune system is theoretically questionable, challenging the immune surveillance concept. In the neonatal period, the immune system is weak, but spontaneous regression and good outcomes occur for some cancers, suggesting that non-immune factors are effective in controlling cancer. The idea of cancer as a group of cells that must be destroyed and eliminated appears instead as a legacy of methods and paradigms in microbiological medicine. As an alternative approach, cancer cells could be considered part of the body and could be controlled by an embryonic and neonatal environment.
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spelling pubmed-59767472018-06-07 A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept Satgé, Daniel Front Immunol Immunology Under the concept of cancer immune surveillance, individuals with primary immune deficiencies would be expected to develop many more malignancies and show an excess of all types of cancers, compared to people with a normal immune system. A review of the nine most frequent and best-documented human conditions with primary immune deficiency reveals a 1.6- to 2.3-fold global increase of cancer in the largest epidemiological studies. However, the spectrum of cancer types with higher frequencies is narrow, limited mainly to lymphoma, digestive tract cancers, and virus-induced cancers. Increased lymphoma is also reported in animal models of immune deficiency. Overstimulation of leukocytes, chronic inflammation, and viruses explain this tumor profile. This raises the question of cancers being foreign organisms or tissues. Organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites as well as non-compatible grafts are seen as foreign (non-self) and identified and destroyed or rejected by the body (self). As cancer cells rarely show strong (and unique) surface antibodies, their recognition and elimination by the immune system is theoretically questionable, challenging the immune surveillance concept. In the neonatal period, the immune system is weak, but spontaneous regression and good outcomes occur for some cancers, suggesting that non-immune factors are effective in controlling cancer. The idea of cancer as a group of cells that must be destroyed and eliminated appears instead as a legacy of methods and paradigms in microbiological medicine. As an alternative approach, cancer cells could be considered part of the body and could be controlled by an embryonic and neonatal environment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5976747/ /pubmed/29881389 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01149 Text en Copyright © 2018 Satgé. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Satgé, Daniel
A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept
title A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept
title_full A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept
title_fullStr A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept
title_full_unstemmed A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept
title_short A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept
title_sort tumor profile in primary immune deficiencies challenges the cancer immune surveillance concept
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5976747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29881389
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01149
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