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Paneth Cells during Viral Infection and Pathogenesis

Paneth cells are major secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine. Our understanding of the diverse roles that Paneth cells play in homeostasis and disease has grown substantially since their discovery over a hundred years ago. Classically, Paneth cells have been char...

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Autores principales: Holly, Mayumi K., Smith, Jason G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977218/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29701691
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10050225
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author Holly, Mayumi K.
Smith, Jason G.
author_facet Holly, Mayumi K.
Smith, Jason G.
author_sort Holly, Mayumi K.
collection PubMed
description Paneth cells are major secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine. Our understanding of the diverse roles that Paneth cells play in homeostasis and disease has grown substantially since their discovery over a hundred years ago. Classically, Paneth cells have been characterized as a significant source of antimicrobial peptides and proteins important in host defense and shaping the composition of the commensal microbiota. More recently, Paneth cells have been shown to supply key developmental and homeostatic signals to intestinal stem cells in the crypt base. Paneth cell dysfunction leading to dysbiosis and a compromised epithelial barrier have been implicated in the etiology of Crohn’s disease and susceptibility to enteric bacterial infection. Our understanding of the impact of Paneth cells on viral infection is incomplete. Enteric α-defensins, produced by Paneth cells, can directly alter viral infection. In addition, α-defensins and other antimicrobial Paneth cell products may modulate viral infection indirectly by impacting the microbiome. Here, we discuss recent insights into Paneth cell biology, models to study their function, and the impact, both direct and indirect, of Paneth cells on enteric viral infection.
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spelling pubmed-59772182018-06-01 Paneth Cells during Viral Infection and Pathogenesis Holly, Mayumi K. Smith, Jason G. Viruses Review Paneth cells are major secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine. Our understanding of the diverse roles that Paneth cells play in homeostasis and disease has grown substantially since their discovery over a hundred years ago. Classically, Paneth cells have been characterized as a significant source of antimicrobial peptides and proteins important in host defense and shaping the composition of the commensal microbiota. More recently, Paneth cells have been shown to supply key developmental and homeostatic signals to intestinal stem cells in the crypt base. Paneth cell dysfunction leading to dysbiosis and a compromised epithelial barrier have been implicated in the etiology of Crohn’s disease and susceptibility to enteric bacterial infection. Our understanding of the impact of Paneth cells on viral infection is incomplete. Enteric α-defensins, produced by Paneth cells, can directly alter viral infection. In addition, α-defensins and other antimicrobial Paneth cell products may modulate viral infection indirectly by impacting the microbiome. Here, we discuss recent insights into Paneth cell biology, models to study their function, and the impact, both direct and indirect, of Paneth cells on enteric viral infection. MDPI 2018-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC5977218/ /pubmed/29701691 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10050225 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Holly, Mayumi K.
Smith, Jason G.
Paneth Cells during Viral Infection and Pathogenesis
title Paneth Cells during Viral Infection and Pathogenesis
title_full Paneth Cells during Viral Infection and Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Paneth Cells during Viral Infection and Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Paneth Cells during Viral Infection and Pathogenesis
title_short Paneth Cells during Viral Infection and Pathogenesis
title_sort paneth cells during viral infection and pathogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977218/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29701691
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10050225
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