One-Dimensional Porous Silicon Nanowires with Large Surface Area for Fast Charge–Discharge Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this study, one-dimensional porous silicon nanowire (1D–PSiNW) arrays were fabricated by one-step metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) to etch phosphorus-doped silicon wafers. The as-prepared mesoporous 1D–PSiNW arrays here had especially high specific surface areas of 323.47 m(2)·g(−1) and were applied as anodes to achieve fast charge–discharge performance for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The 1D–PSiNWs anodes with feature size of ~7 nm exhibited reversible specific capacity of 2061.1 mAh·g(−1) after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1.5 A·g(−1). Moreover, under the ultrafast charge–discharge current rate of 16.0 A·g(−1), the 1D–PSiNWs anodes still maintained 586.7 mAh·g(−1) capacity even after 5000 cycles. This nanoporous 1D–PSiNW with high surface area is a potential anode candidate for the ultrafast charge–discharge in LIBs with high specific capacity and superior cycling performance.