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Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility
There is growing recognition that implementation of low-carbon policies in urban passenger transport has near-term health co-benefits through increased physical activity and improved air quality. Nevertheless, co-benefits and related cost reductions are often not taken into account in decision proce...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5981919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29710784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050880 |
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author | Wolkinger, Brigitte Haas, Willi Bachner, Gabriel Weisz, Ulli Steininger, Karl W. Hutter, Hans-Peter Delcour, Jennifer Griebler, Robert Mittelbach, Bernhard Maier, Philipp Reifeltshammer, Raphael |
author_facet | Wolkinger, Brigitte Haas, Willi Bachner, Gabriel Weisz, Ulli Steininger, Karl W. Hutter, Hans-Peter Delcour, Jennifer Griebler, Robert Mittelbach, Bernhard Maier, Philipp Reifeltshammer, Raphael |
author_sort | Wolkinger, Brigitte |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is growing recognition that implementation of low-carbon policies in urban passenger transport has near-term health co-benefits through increased physical activity and improved air quality. Nevertheless, co-benefits and related cost reductions are often not taken into account in decision processes, likely because they are not easy to capture. In an interdisciplinary multi-model approach we address this gap, investigating the co-benefits resulting from increased physical activity and improved air quality due to climate mitigation policies for three urban areas. Additionally we take a (macro-)economic perspective, since that is the ultimate interest of policy-makers. Methodologically, we link a transport modelling tool, a transport emission model, an emission dispersion model, a health model and a macroeconomic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze three climate change mitigation scenarios. We show that higher levels of physical exercise and reduced exposure to pollutants due to mitigation measures substantially decrease morbidity and mortality. Expenditures are mainly born by the public sector but are mostly offset by the emerging co-benefits. Our macroeconomic results indicate a strong positive welfare effect, yet with slightly negative GDP and employment effects. We conclude that considering economic co-benefits of climate change mitigation policies in urban mobility can be put forward as a forceful argument for policy makers to take action. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5981919 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59819192018-06-07 Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility Wolkinger, Brigitte Haas, Willi Bachner, Gabriel Weisz, Ulli Steininger, Karl W. Hutter, Hans-Peter Delcour, Jennifer Griebler, Robert Mittelbach, Bernhard Maier, Philipp Reifeltshammer, Raphael Int J Environ Res Public Health Article There is growing recognition that implementation of low-carbon policies in urban passenger transport has near-term health co-benefits through increased physical activity and improved air quality. Nevertheless, co-benefits and related cost reductions are often not taken into account in decision processes, likely because they are not easy to capture. In an interdisciplinary multi-model approach we address this gap, investigating the co-benefits resulting from increased physical activity and improved air quality due to climate mitigation policies for three urban areas. Additionally we take a (macro-)economic perspective, since that is the ultimate interest of policy-makers. Methodologically, we link a transport modelling tool, a transport emission model, an emission dispersion model, a health model and a macroeconomic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze three climate change mitigation scenarios. We show that higher levels of physical exercise and reduced exposure to pollutants due to mitigation measures substantially decrease morbidity and mortality. Expenditures are mainly born by the public sector but are mostly offset by the emerging co-benefits. Our macroeconomic results indicate a strong positive welfare effect, yet with slightly negative GDP and employment effects. We conclude that considering economic co-benefits of climate change mitigation policies in urban mobility can be put forward as a forceful argument for policy makers to take action. MDPI 2018-04-28 2018-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5981919/ /pubmed/29710784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050880 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wolkinger, Brigitte Haas, Willi Bachner, Gabriel Weisz, Ulli Steininger, Karl W. Hutter, Hans-Peter Delcour, Jennifer Griebler, Robert Mittelbach, Bernhard Maier, Philipp Reifeltshammer, Raphael Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility |
title | Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility |
title_full | Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility |
title_fullStr | Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility |
title_short | Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility |
title_sort | evaluating health co-benefits of climate change mitigation in urban mobility |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5981919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29710784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050880 |
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