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Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a subsurface remote sensor that allows the user to detect, classify, and identify the buried target and structures. The radar signals are rapidly attenuated as they propagate into the ground; therefore, attenuation compensation is necessary for the visualization of...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Liu, Tao, Zhu, Yutao, Su, Yi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5982213/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29702614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051366
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author Liu, Tao
Zhu, Yutao
Su, Yi
author_facet Liu, Tao
Zhu, Yutao
Su, Yi
author_sort Liu, Tao
collection PubMed
description Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a subsurface remote sensor that allows the user to detect, classify, and identify the buried target and structures. The radar signals are rapidly attenuated as they propagate into the ground; therefore, attenuation compensation is necessary for the visualization of the buried targets from GPR data. In this work, we developed a novel attenuation compensation approach based on the recently developed stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) GPR system, which is a frequency domain sampling system with improved performance in dynamic range, sensitivity, and anti-interference ability. Because the regularly used time-varying gain function for compensating the attenuation of impulse GPR data does not make full use of the advancement of the SFCW modulation, an alternative procedure is proposed herein. The new approach is based the SFCW mechanism, and aims at improving the visualization of deeper targets by compensating the SFCW GPR signal attenuation. We first present the attenuation mode of the SFCW GPR echo, from which an inverse attenuation function is derived to compensate the amplitude loss. For the field measurement where the theoretical inverse attenuation function is difficult to achieve, we introduced a pseudo time–frequency distribution for estimating the inverse attenuation function. A procedure for amplitude attenuation has also been developed. Testing with both synthetic and experimental data return a good reconstruction of the signal amplitude, subsequently improving the ability for visualizing and detecting deeper targets.
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spelling pubmed-59822132018-06-05 Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar Liu, Tao Zhu, Yutao Su, Yi Sensors (Basel) Article Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a subsurface remote sensor that allows the user to detect, classify, and identify the buried target and structures. The radar signals are rapidly attenuated as they propagate into the ground; therefore, attenuation compensation is necessary for the visualization of the buried targets from GPR data. In this work, we developed a novel attenuation compensation approach based on the recently developed stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) GPR system, which is a frequency domain sampling system with improved performance in dynamic range, sensitivity, and anti-interference ability. Because the regularly used time-varying gain function for compensating the attenuation of impulse GPR data does not make full use of the advancement of the SFCW modulation, an alternative procedure is proposed herein. The new approach is based the SFCW mechanism, and aims at improving the visualization of deeper targets by compensating the SFCW GPR signal attenuation. We first present the attenuation mode of the SFCW GPR echo, from which an inverse attenuation function is derived to compensate the amplitude loss. For the field measurement where the theoretical inverse attenuation function is difficult to achieve, we introduced a pseudo time–frequency distribution for estimating the inverse attenuation function. A procedure for amplitude attenuation has also been developed. Testing with both synthetic and experimental data return a good reconstruction of the signal amplitude, subsequently improving the ability for visualizing and detecting deeper targets. MDPI 2018-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC5982213/ /pubmed/29702614 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051366 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Tao
Zhu, Yutao
Su, Yi
Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar
title Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar
title_full Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar
title_fullStr Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar
title_full_unstemmed Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar
title_short Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar
title_sort method for compensating signal attenuation using stepped-frequency ground penetrating radar
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5982213/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29702614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051366
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