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A Cross-Layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Loss-and-Delay Sensitive WSNs

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), communication links are typically error-prone and unreliable, so providing reliable and timely data routing for loss- and delay-sensitive applications in WSNs it is a challenge issue. Additionally, with specific thresholds in practical applications, the loss and d...

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Autores principales: Xu, Xin, Yuan, Minjiao, Liu, Xiao, Liu, Anfeng, Xiong, Neal N., Cai, Zhiping, Wang, Tian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5982429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29751589
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051422
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author Xu, Xin
Yuan, Minjiao
Liu, Xiao
Liu, Anfeng
Xiong, Neal N.
Cai, Zhiping
Wang, Tian
author_facet Xu, Xin
Yuan, Minjiao
Liu, Xiao
Liu, Anfeng
Xiong, Neal N.
Cai, Zhiping
Wang, Tian
author_sort Xu, Xin
collection PubMed
description In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), communication links are typically error-prone and unreliable, so providing reliable and timely data routing for loss- and delay-sensitive applications in WSNs it is a challenge issue. Additionally, with specific thresholds in practical applications, the loss and delay sensitivity implies requirements for high reliability and low delay. Opportunistic Routing (OR) has been well studied in WSNs to improve reliability for error-prone and unreliable wireless communication links where the transmission power is assumed to be identical in the whole network. In this paper, a Cross-layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing (COOR) scheme is proposed to improve the communication link reliability and reduce delay for loss-and-delay sensitive WSNs. The main contribution of the COOR scheme is making full use of the remaining energy in networks to increase the transmission power of most nodes, which will provide a higher communication reliability or further transmission distance. Two optimization strategies referred to as COOR(R) and COOR(P) of the COOR scheme are proposed to improve network performance. In the case of increasing the transmission power, the COOR(R) strategy chooses a node that has a higher communication reliability with same distance in comparison to the traditional opportunistic routing when selecting the next hop candidate node. Since the reliability of data transmission is improved, the delay of the data reaching the sink is reduced by shortening the time of communication between candidate nodes. On the other hand, the COOR(P) strategy prefers a node that has the same communication reliability with longer distance. As a result, network performance can be improved for the following reasons: (a) the delay is reduced as fewer hops are needed while the packet reaches the sink in longer transmission distance circumstances; (b) the reliability can be improved since it is the product of the reliability of every hop of the routing path, and the count is reduced while the reliability of each hop is the same as the traditional method. After analyzing the energy consumption of the network in detail, the value of optimized transmission power in different areas is given. On the basis of a large number of experimental and theoretical analyses, the results show that the COOR scheme will increase communication reliability by 36.62–87.77%, decrease delay by 21.09–52.48%, and balance the energy consumption of 86.97% of the nodes in the WSNs.
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spelling pubmed-59824292018-06-05 A Cross-Layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Loss-and-Delay Sensitive WSNs Xu, Xin Yuan, Minjiao Liu, Xiao Liu, Anfeng Xiong, Neal N. Cai, Zhiping Wang, Tian Sensors (Basel) Article In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), communication links are typically error-prone and unreliable, so providing reliable and timely data routing for loss- and delay-sensitive applications in WSNs it is a challenge issue. Additionally, with specific thresholds in practical applications, the loss and delay sensitivity implies requirements for high reliability and low delay. Opportunistic Routing (OR) has been well studied in WSNs to improve reliability for error-prone and unreliable wireless communication links where the transmission power is assumed to be identical in the whole network. In this paper, a Cross-layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing (COOR) scheme is proposed to improve the communication link reliability and reduce delay for loss-and-delay sensitive WSNs. The main contribution of the COOR scheme is making full use of the remaining energy in networks to increase the transmission power of most nodes, which will provide a higher communication reliability or further transmission distance. Two optimization strategies referred to as COOR(R) and COOR(P) of the COOR scheme are proposed to improve network performance. In the case of increasing the transmission power, the COOR(R) strategy chooses a node that has a higher communication reliability with same distance in comparison to the traditional opportunistic routing when selecting the next hop candidate node. Since the reliability of data transmission is improved, the delay of the data reaching the sink is reduced by shortening the time of communication between candidate nodes. On the other hand, the COOR(P) strategy prefers a node that has the same communication reliability with longer distance. As a result, network performance can be improved for the following reasons: (a) the delay is reduced as fewer hops are needed while the packet reaches the sink in longer transmission distance circumstances; (b) the reliability can be improved since it is the product of the reliability of every hop of the routing path, and the count is reduced while the reliability of each hop is the same as the traditional method. After analyzing the energy consumption of the network in detail, the value of optimized transmission power in different areas is given. On the basis of a large number of experimental and theoretical analyses, the results show that the COOR scheme will increase communication reliability by 36.62–87.77%, decrease delay by 21.09–52.48%, and balance the energy consumption of 86.97% of the nodes in the WSNs. MDPI 2018-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5982429/ /pubmed/29751589 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051422 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Xu, Xin
Yuan, Minjiao
Liu, Xiao
Liu, Anfeng
Xiong, Neal N.
Cai, Zhiping
Wang, Tian
A Cross-Layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Loss-and-Delay Sensitive WSNs
title A Cross-Layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Loss-and-Delay Sensitive WSNs
title_full A Cross-Layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Loss-and-Delay Sensitive WSNs
title_fullStr A Cross-Layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Loss-and-Delay Sensitive WSNs
title_full_unstemmed A Cross-Layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Loss-and-Delay Sensitive WSNs
title_short A Cross-Layer Optimized Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Loss-and-Delay Sensitive WSNs
title_sort cross-layer optimized opportunistic routing scheme for loss-and-delay sensitive wsns
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5982429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29751589
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051422
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