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The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens

In contrast with Th1 immune responses against pathogenic viruses and bacteria, the incipient events that generate Th2 responses remain less understood. One difficulty in the identification of universal operating principles stems from the diversity of entities against which cellular and molecular Th2...

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Autores principales: Ellenbogen, Yosef, Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo, Spill, Paul, Chu, Derek K., Waserman, Susan, Jordana, Manel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5983584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29757238
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051447
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author Ellenbogen, Yosef
Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo
Spill, Paul
Chu, Derek K.
Waserman, Susan
Jordana, Manel
author_facet Ellenbogen, Yosef
Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo
Spill, Paul
Chu, Derek K.
Waserman, Susan
Jordana, Manel
author_sort Ellenbogen, Yosef
collection PubMed
description In contrast with Th1 immune responses against pathogenic viruses and bacteria, the incipient events that generate Th2 responses remain less understood. One difficulty in the identification of universal operating principles stems from the diversity of entities against which cellular and molecular Th2 responses are produced. Such responses are launched against harmful macroscopic parasites and noxious substances, such as venoms, but also against largely innocuous allergens. This suggests that the established understanding about sense and recognition applied to Th1 responses may not be translatable to Th2 responses. This review will discuss processes and signals known to occur in Th2 responses, particularly in the context of food allergy. We propose that perturbations of homeostasis at barrier sites induced by external or internal subverters, which can activate or lower the threshold activation of the immune system, are the major requirement for allergic sensitization. Innate signals produced in the tissue under these conditions equip dendritic cells with a program that forms an adaptive Th2 response.
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spelling pubmed-59835842018-06-05 The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens Ellenbogen, Yosef Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo Spill, Paul Chu, Derek K. Waserman, Susan Jordana, Manel Int J Mol Sci Review In contrast with Th1 immune responses against pathogenic viruses and bacteria, the incipient events that generate Th2 responses remain less understood. One difficulty in the identification of universal operating principles stems from the diversity of entities against which cellular and molecular Th2 responses are produced. Such responses are launched against harmful macroscopic parasites and noxious substances, such as venoms, but also against largely innocuous allergens. This suggests that the established understanding about sense and recognition applied to Th1 responses may not be translatable to Th2 responses. This review will discuss processes and signals known to occur in Th2 responses, particularly in the context of food allergy. We propose that perturbations of homeostasis at barrier sites induced by external or internal subverters, which can activate or lower the threshold activation of the immune system, are the major requirement for allergic sensitization. Innate signals produced in the tissue under these conditions equip dendritic cells with a program that forms an adaptive Th2 response. MDPI 2018-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5983584/ /pubmed/29757238 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051447 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ellenbogen, Yosef
Jiménez-Saiz, Rodrigo
Spill, Paul
Chu, Derek K.
Waserman, Susan
Jordana, Manel
The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens
title The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens
title_full The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens
title_fullStr The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens
title_full_unstemmed The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens
title_short The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens
title_sort initiation of th2 immunity towards food allergens
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5983584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29757238
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051447
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