Simple synthesis of (32)P-labelled inositol hexakisphosphates for study of phosphate transformations

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In many soils inositol hexakisphosphate in its various forms is as abundant as inorganic phosphate. The organismal and geochemical processes that exchange phosphate between inositol hexakisphosphate and other pools of soil phosphate are poorly defined, as are the organisms and enzymes involved. We rationalized that simple enzymic synthesis of inositol hexakisphosphate labeled with (32)P would greatly enable study of transformation of soil inositol phosphates when combined with robust HPLC separations of different inositol phosphates. METHODS: We employed the enzyme inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase, IP5 2-K, to transfer phosphate from [γ-(32)P]ATP to axial hydroxyl(s) of myo-, neo- and 1D-chiro-inositol phosphate substrates. RESULTS: (32)P-labeled inositol phosphates were separated by anion exchange HPLC with phosphate eluents. Additional HPLC methods were developed to allow facile separation of myo-, neo-, 1D-chiro- and scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate on acid gradients. CONCLUSIONS: We developed enzymic approaches that allow the synthesis of labeled myo-inositol 1,[(32)P]2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate; neo-inositol 1,[(32)P]2,3,4,[(32)P]5,6–hexakisphosphate and 1D-chiro-inositol [(32)P]1,2,3,4,5,[(32)P]6-hexakisphosphate. Additionally, we describe HPLC separations of all inositol hexakisphosphates yet identified in soils, using a collection of soil inositol phosphates described in the seminal historic studies of Cosgrove, Tate and coworkers. Our study will enable others to perform radiotracer experiments to analyze fluxes of phosphate to/from inositol hexakisphosphates in different soils. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3315-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.