Depressive symptoms and risk of absence among workers in a manufacturing company: a 12-month follow-up study

Depression is a leading cause of reduced work ability and absence due to sickness. The objective of this study was to investigate how depressive symptoms are prospectively associated with subsequent absence, whether caused by illness or accidents, among manufacturing workers. This prospective study was conducted on 2,349 male and female employees that underwent a regular health examination at a university hospital. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Data on self-reported absence due to illness and accidents were obtained during a follow up of 1 yr. The incidences of sickness absence were 6.0% for men and 17.3% for women. Men and women with depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥16) were found to have higher odds of sickness absence during follow up (men: OR=4.06; 95% CI: 2.32–7.11; women: OR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.02–2.98), after adjustment for demographic and occupational factors. When depressive symptoms were divided into quartiles, significantly higher ORs of sickness absence were observed only among employees with the highest quartile of depressive symptoms. The study shows that depressive symptoms are a risk factor for future absence due to illness or accidents among manufacturing workers.