Prévalence et caractéristiques des effets indésirables des antihypertenseurs chez les patients suivis en ambulatoire au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo

Medicinal treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) may cause adverse effects which can be annoying and thus influence patient’s compliance with treatment. Our study focused on these undesirable effects in patients followed up for AH on an ambulatory basis in the Department of Cardiology at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo from July to September 2015. Our aim was to determine their rates and their characteristics. Data were obtained from patients’ interview, from the examination of patients’ follow-up records and of medical consultation forms. A total of 278 patients were included in the study, 69.1% of them were women. The average age was 52.2 ranging between 23 and 86 years; 87.8% of patients lived in urban areas. Smoking, dyslipidemia and a family history of AH accounted for 9%, 35.6% and 57.2% of cases respectively. From a therapeutic perspective, 43.2% of patients were under monotherapy, 35.6% under bitherapy at the start of treatment. Calcium channel blockers (59.7%) were the most used therapeutic drugs. The overall incidence of adverse effects was 60.1%. Calcium channel blockers were involved in 53.6% of adverse events of patients, diuretics in 48.6%. Molecule-specific prevalence was 28.1% for the amlodipine and 24.5% for the hydrochlorothiazide. Excessive diuresis (13.7%), cough (12.9%) and vertigo (11.5%) were the most frequent adverse events reported by the patients. The central and peripheral nervous system and the osteo-muscular system were the most affected systems. Adverse effects are a major determinant of patient’s compliance with antihypertensive treatments, because they may have a significant impact on patient’s daily life.