Substoichiometric Silicon Nitride – An Anode Material for Li-ion Batteries Promising High Stability and High Capacity

Silicon is often regarded as a likely candidate to replace graphite as the main active anode material in next-generation lithium ion batteries; however, a number of problems impacting its cycle stability have limited its commercial relevance. One approach to solving these issues involves the use of convertible silicon sub-oxides. In this work we have investigated amorphous silicon sub-nitride as an alternative convertible silicon compound by comparing the electrochemical performance of a-SiN(x) thin films with compositions ranging from pure Si to SiN(0.89). We have found that increasing the nitrogen content gradually reduces the reversible capacity of the material, but also drastically increases its cycling stability, e.g. 40 nm a-SiN(0.79) thin films exhibited a stable capacity of more than 1,500 mAh/g for 2,000 cycles. Consequently, by controlling the nitrogen content, this material has the exceptional ability to be tuned to satisfy a large range of different requirements for capacity and stability.