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Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells
Tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) are a population of immune cells that reside in the lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs without recirculation through the blood. These important cells occupy and utilize unique anatomical and physiological niches that are distinct from those for other memory...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5990602/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29904388 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01214 |
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author | Takamura, Shiki |
author_facet | Takamura, Shiki |
author_sort | Takamura, Shiki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) are a population of immune cells that reside in the lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs without recirculation through the blood. These important cells occupy and utilize unique anatomical and physiological niches that are distinct from those for other memory T cell populations, such as central memory T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs and effector memory T cells that circulate through the tissues. CD8(+) T(RM) cells typically localize in the epithelial layers of barrier tissues where they are optimally positioned to act as sentinels to trigger antigen-specific protection against reinfection. CD4(+) T(RM) cells typically localize below the epithelial layers, such as below the basement membrane, and cluster in lymphoid structures designed to optimize interactions with antigen-presenting cells upon reinfection. A key feature of T(RM) populations is their ability to be maintained in barrier tissues for prolonged periods of time. For example, skin CD8(+) T(RM) cells displace epidermal niches originally occupied by γδ T cells, thereby enabling their stable persistence for years. It is also clear that the long-term maintenance of T(RM) cells in different microenvironments is dependent on multiple tissue-specific survival cues, although the specific details are poorly understood. However, not all T(RM) persist over the long term. Recently, we identified a new spatial niche for the maintenance of CD8(+) T(RM) cells in the lung, which is created at the site of tissue regeneration after injury [termed repair-associated memory depots (RAMD)]. The short-lived nature of RAMD potentially explains the short lifespans of CD8(+) T(RM) cells in this particular tissue. Clearly, a better understanding of the niche-dependent maintenance of T(RM) cells will be important for the development of vaccines designed to promote barrier immunity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the properties and nature of tissue-specific niches that maintain T(RM) cells in different tissues. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5990602 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59906022018-06-14 Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells Takamura, Shiki Front Immunol Immunology Tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) are a population of immune cells that reside in the lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs without recirculation through the blood. These important cells occupy and utilize unique anatomical and physiological niches that are distinct from those for other memory T cell populations, such as central memory T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs and effector memory T cells that circulate through the tissues. CD8(+) T(RM) cells typically localize in the epithelial layers of barrier tissues where they are optimally positioned to act as sentinels to trigger antigen-specific protection against reinfection. CD4(+) T(RM) cells typically localize below the epithelial layers, such as below the basement membrane, and cluster in lymphoid structures designed to optimize interactions with antigen-presenting cells upon reinfection. A key feature of T(RM) populations is their ability to be maintained in barrier tissues for prolonged periods of time. For example, skin CD8(+) T(RM) cells displace epidermal niches originally occupied by γδ T cells, thereby enabling their stable persistence for years. It is also clear that the long-term maintenance of T(RM) cells in different microenvironments is dependent on multiple tissue-specific survival cues, although the specific details are poorly understood. However, not all T(RM) persist over the long term. Recently, we identified a new spatial niche for the maintenance of CD8(+) T(RM) cells in the lung, which is created at the site of tissue regeneration after injury [termed repair-associated memory depots (RAMD)]. The short-lived nature of RAMD potentially explains the short lifespans of CD8(+) T(RM) cells in this particular tissue. Clearly, a better understanding of the niche-dependent maintenance of T(RM) cells will be important for the development of vaccines designed to promote barrier immunity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the properties and nature of tissue-specific niches that maintain T(RM) cells in different tissues. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5990602/ /pubmed/29904388 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01214 Text en Copyright © 2018 Takamura. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Takamura, Shiki Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells |
title | Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells |
title_full | Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells |
title_fullStr | Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells |
title_short | Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells |
title_sort | niches for the long-term maintenance of tissue-resident memory t cells |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5990602/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29904388 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01214 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT takamurashiki nichesforthelongtermmaintenanceoftissueresidentmemorytcells |