Acute type A aortic dissection repair in an octogenarian with achondroplasia: a case report

BACKGROUND: Achondroplasia is an inherited disorder and the most common type of short-limbed dwarfism in human beings, affecting more than 250,000 individuals worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, no study has reported a correlation between achondroplasia and aortic dissection. Here, we report a rare case of acute type A aortic dissection repair in a patient with achondroplasia. CASE PRESENTATION: An 82-year-old Japanese female with achondroplasia was admitted to our hospital because of acute-onset severe chest pain migration to her back accompanied by numbness and pain in the right lower limb. A computed tomography scan revealed acute type A aortic dissection with right leg ischemia because of an occlusion of the right common iliac artery. We successfully performed hemiarch repair. CONCLUSIONS: This report presents the first case of a patient at such an advanced age with dwarfism and cardiac surgery and the second case to illustrate successful acute aortic dissection repair in achondroplasia. Of note, all procedures were performed without specialized equipment. Overall, this report adds to the experience of successful cardiac surgery in this unique patient population.