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Bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes
Erythrocytes must maintain a biconcave discoid shape in order to efficiently deliver oxygen (O(2)) molecules and to recycle carbon dioxide (CO (2)) molecules. The erythrocyte is a small toroidal dielectrophoretic (DEP) electromagnetic field (EMF) driven cell that maintains its zeta potential (ζ) wit...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5995311/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29890049 http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13722 |
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author | Purnell, Marcy C. Butawan, Matthew B.A. Ramsey, Risa D. |
author_facet | Purnell, Marcy C. Butawan, Matthew B.A. Ramsey, Risa D. |
author_sort | Purnell, Marcy C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Erythrocytes must maintain a biconcave discoid shape in order to efficiently deliver oxygen (O(2)) molecules and to recycle carbon dioxide (CO (2)) molecules. The erythrocyte is a small toroidal dielectrophoretic (DEP) electromagnetic field (EMF) driven cell that maintains its zeta potential (ζ) with a dielectric constant (ԑ) between a negatively charged plasma membrane surface and the positively charged adjacent Stern layer. Here, we propose that zeta potential is also driven by both ferroelectric influences (chloride ion) and ferromagnetic influences (serum iron driven). The Golden Ratio, a function of Phi [Formula: see text] offers a geometrical mathematical measure within the distinct and desired curvature of the red blood cell that is governed by this zeta potential and is required for the efficient recycling of CO (2) in our bodies. The Bio‐Field Array (BFA) shows potential to both drive/fuel the zeta potential and restore the Golden Ratio in human erythrocytes thereby leading to more efficient recycling of CO (2). Live Blood Analyses and serum CO (2) levels from twenty human subjects that participated in immersion therapy sessions with the BFA for 2 weeks (six sessions) were analyzed. Live Blood Analyses (LBA) and serum blood analyses performed before and after the BFA immersion therapy sessions in the BFA pilot study participants showed reversal of erythrocyte rheological alterations (per RBC metric; P = 0.00000075), a morphological return to the Golden Ratio and a significant decrease in serum CO (2) (P = 0.017) in these participants. Immersion therapy sessions with the BFA show potential to modulate zeta potential, restore this newly defined Golden Ratio and reduce rheological alterations in human erythrocytes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5995311 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59953112018-06-20 Bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes Purnell, Marcy C. Butawan, Matthew B.A. Ramsey, Risa D. Physiol Rep Original Research Erythrocytes must maintain a biconcave discoid shape in order to efficiently deliver oxygen (O(2)) molecules and to recycle carbon dioxide (CO (2)) molecules. The erythrocyte is a small toroidal dielectrophoretic (DEP) electromagnetic field (EMF) driven cell that maintains its zeta potential (ζ) with a dielectric constant (ԑ) between a negatively charged plasma membrane surface and the positively charged adjacent Stern layer. Here, we propose that zeta potential is also driven by both ferroelectric influences (chloride ion) and ferromagnetic influences (serum iron driven). The Golden Ratio, a function of Phi [Formula: see text] offers a geometrical mathematical measure within the distinct and desired curvature of the red blood cell that is governed by this zeta potential and is required for the efficient recycling of CO (2) in our bodies. The Bio‐Field Array (BFA) shows potential to both drive/fuel the zeta potential and restore the Golden Ratio in human erythrocytes thereby leading to more efficient recycling of CO (2). Live Blood Analyses and serum CO (2) levels from twenty human subjects that participated in immersion therapy sessions with the BFA for 2 weeks (six sessions) were analyzed. Live Blood Analyses (LBA) and serum blood analyses performed before and after the BFA immersion therapy sessions in the BFA pilot study participants showed reversal of erythrocyte rheological alterations (per RBC metric; P = 0.00000075), a morphological return to the Golden Ratio and a significant decrease in serum CO (2) (P = 0.017) in these participants. Immersion therapy sessions with the BFA show potential to modulate zeta potential, restore this newly defined Golden Ratio and reduce rheological alterations in human erythrocytes. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5995311/ /pubmed/29890049 http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13722 Text en © 2018 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Purnell, Marcy C. Butawan, Matthew B.A. Ramsey, Risa D. Bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes |
title | Bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes |
title_full | Bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes |
title_fullStr | Bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes |
title_full_unstemmed | Bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes |
title_short | Bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes |
title_sort | bio‐field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5995311/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29890049 http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13722 |
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