Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery

Aneurysms of the facial vasculature due to various accidental, violent, and surgical injuries have been reported since mid-17(th) century. Approximately 386 pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery (STA) have been reported in the literature since 1644. Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the STA is a rare lesion. It manifests as a painless pulsatile mass in the temporal region following trauma. The unusual incidence and confusing presentation require the clinicians to have a thorough knowledge of its presentation and diagnosis. We present a case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the STA, which developed a few weeks later, after sustaining blunt trauma to the head. We have also reviewed the anatomical challenges and pathophysiology that promotes the formation of pseudoaneurysm and the optimal approach to diagnose and manage the lesion. Pulsatile lesions or lesions that are continuous with the STA should be regarded with extreme caution. The sole treatment modality is surgical resection of the pseudoaneurysm. This will avoid any future complications such as hemorrhage or compression of adjacent nerves and vessels.