6, 058例肺癌患者病理类型和临床流行病学特征的分析

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The epidemiology of lung cancer changes with time, region, and population. The pathological and clinical characteristics of patients with primary bronchial lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed to understand the epidemic trend of lung cancer in recent years. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma. These patients, who are permanent residents of Henan province, were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2012 to 2014. The distributions of gender, age, urban/rural residency, smoking history, drinking history, operation history, and histological types of tumor were compared among the patients and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 6, 058 cases of lung cancer were collected, including 1, 495 cases in 2012, 2, 070 cases in 2013 and 2, 493 cases in 2014. The proportions of male to female patients with lung cancer were 2.26:1, 2.29:1 and 2.20:1 in 2012 to 2014, respectively (χ(2)=0.367, P=0.832). The age of onset was 60-69 years old, which accounted for 35.72% of the patients, and exhibited statistically significant differences between male and female patients (χ(2)=109.848, P < 0.001). Moreover, differences in the pathological types of patients with lung cancer were statistically significant in 2012-2014 (χ(2)=25.344, P=0.013). Lung adenocarcinoma accounted for 38.5% and 73.63% in male and female patients, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=562.382, P < 0.001). Adenocarcinoma also accounted for 60.62%, 56.59%, 49.84%, 45.15%, 47.03% and 41.25% in all ages of patients with lung cancer; the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=48.886, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the proportions of various pathological types in rural and urban patients were statistically significant among the five regions of Henan Province. The proportions of squamous cell carcinoma were the highest in smoking and drinking patients, accounting for 38.39% and 37.37%, respectively. About 15.4% of the patients included in the study received surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of adenocarcinoma in all types of lung cancer has increased in recent years, whereas the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma has declined. Adenocarcinoma is common in male patients with lung cancer as well as in young-and middle-aged patients. Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with smoking and drinking in male patients.