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The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation
The motor system’s ability to adapt to environmental changes is essential for maintaining accurate movements. Such adaptation recruits several distinct systems: cerebellar sensory-prediction error learning, success-based reinforcement, and explicit control. Although much work has focused on the rela...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6002524/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29904096 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27378-1 |
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author | Codol, Olivier Holland, Peter J. Galea, Joseph M. |
author_facet | Codol, Olivier Holland, Peter J. Galea, Joseph M. |
author_sort | Codol, Olivier |
collection | PubMed |
description | The motor system’s ability to adapt to environmental changes is essential for maintaining accurate movements. Such adaptation recruits several distinct systems: cerebellar sensory-prediction error learning, success-based reinforcement, and explicit control. Although much work has focused on the relationship between cerebellar learning and explicit control, there is little research regarding how reinforcement and explicit control interact. To address this, participants first learnt a 20° visuomotor displacement. After reaching asymptotic performance, binary, hit-or-miss feedback (BF) was introduced either with or without visual feedback, the latter promoting reinforcement. Subsequently, retention was assessed using no-feedback trials, with half of the participants in each group being instructed to stop aiming off target. Although BF led to an increase in retention of the visuomotor displacement, instructing participants to stop re-aiming nullified this effect, suggesting explicit control is critical to BF-based reinforcement. In a second experiment, we prevented the expression or development of explicit control during BF performance, by either constraining participants to a short preparation time (expression) or by introducing the displacement gradually (development). Both manipulations strongly impaired BF performance, suggesting reinforcement requires both recruitment and expression of an explicit component. These results emphasise the pivotal role explicit control plays in reinforcement-based motor learning. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6002524 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60025242018-06-26 The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation Codol, Olivier Holland, Peter J. Galea, Joseph M. Sci Rep Article The motor system’s ability to adapt to environmental changes is essential for maintaining accurate movements. Such adaptation recruits several distinct systems: cerebellar sensory-prediction error learning, success-based reinforcement, and explicit control. Although much work has focused on the relationship between cerebellar learning and explicit control, there is little research regarding how reinforcement and explicit control interact. To address this, participants first learnt a 20° visuomotor displacement. After reaching asymptotic performance, binary, hit-or-miss feedback (BF) was introduced either with or without visual feedback, the latter promoting reinforcement. Subsequently, retention was assessed using no-feedback trials, with half of the participants in each group being instructed to stop aiming off target. Although BF led to an increase in retention of the visuomotor displacement, instructing participants to stop re-aiming nullified this effect, suggesting explicit control is critical to BF-based reinforcement. In a second experiment, we prevented the expression or development of explicit control during BF performance, by either constraining participants to a short preparation time (expression) or by introducing the displacement gradually (development). Both manipulations strongly impaired BF performance, suggesting reinforcement requires both recruitment and expression of an explicit component. These results emphasise the pivotal role explicit control plays in reinforcement-based motor learning. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6002524/ /pubmed/29904096 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27378-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Codol, Olivier Holland, Peter J. Galea, Joseph M. The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation |
title | The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation |
title_full | The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation |
title_fullStr | The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation |
title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation |
title_short | The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation |
title_sort | relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6002524/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29904096 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27378-1 |
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