A comparative study on the cardiac morphology and vertical jump height of adolescent black South African male and female amateur competitive footballers

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this comparative study was to determine the gender differences in cardiac morphology and performance in adolescent black South African footballers. METHODS: Anthropometry, electrocardiography and echocardiography data were measured in 167 (85 males and 82 females) adolescent black South African footballers (mean age: 14.8 ± 1.3 years). Vertical jump height was used as a performance measure of explosive lower –limb power. RESULTS: The males had less body fat compared with the females (12.1 ± 3.6 vs 16.8 ± 4.1%, p < 0.05), while females had higher left ventricular end –diastolic diameters compared with males (48.7 ± 3.7 vs 40.7 ± 8.1, p < 0.05). Vertical jump height was higher in males (37.2 ± 10.3) compared with females (31.2 ± 8) and was inversely associated with body fat (â = –0.2, p < 0.05) and positively associated with lean mass (â = 0.5, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that adolescent black South African male footballers had a performance advantage over females for explosive lower –limb power, which was explained by differences in body composition and not cardiac morphology.